cs.LGJun 9, 2026

SirenFNO: Efficient and Full Frequency Learning of Fourier Neural Operators

Authors: Pengqing ShiJie YinStephen TierneyJunbin Gao

Organizations: The University of Sydney, Australia

Abstract

Fourier neural operators (FNOs) are effective and efficient surrogates for approximating solutions of PDEs and generalize across discretizations. However, owing to the reliance on frequency truncation to maintain learning efficiency of FNOs, empirical studies suggest that FNOs exhibit spectral bias toward low-frequency information, which may hinder the learning capability especially for certain PDEs with strong high-frequency oscillations. To address this limitation, we propose SirenFNO, a novel framework that leverages sinusoidal representation networks (SIRENs) to learn implicit neural representations and performs mode-wise kernel parameterization. Our SIREN parameterization learns a full-grid spectrum with a constant and discretization-independent parameter count, thereby eliminating the need for frequency truncation. We further extend SirenFNO with functional tensor decompositions to enhance parameter and learning efficiency. Empirical results show that our SirenFNO consistently outperforms FNO with approximately 44 to 1515 times parameter reductions with preserved discretization invariance, and our functional decomposition variants obtain performance improvements with a maximum of 7373 times fewer parameters across multiple PDE benchmarks.

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