cs.LGJun 16, 2026

Perron--Frobenius Operator Matching for Generative Modeling

Authors: Shiqi ZhangWuwei WuJaemin OhJie ChenXiaoning Qian

Organizations: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA · City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR

Abstract

We introduce Perron--Frobenius Operator Matching (PFOM), a generative framework that matches density evolution via the integral PF operator, subsuming flow, diffusion, and jump models. We prove that among Bregman divergences, only Kullback--Leibler divergence preserves equality between density-level and sample-conditioned objectives, yielding a practical loss equivalent to Koopman path matching. We further develop Nesterov-accelerated training and sampling that stabilize discretization and accelerate convergence. %On Gaussian mixtures and two-moons, PFOM achieves faster KL/W2W_2/MMD decrease and improved wall-clock efficiency with empirical validation. PFOM unifies operator-theoretic identification with modern generative modeling and opens paths to adaptive dictionaries and high-dimensional applications.

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