Spoken dialogue is a natural form of human--computer interaction, yet most speech language models remain limited to turn-based operation and lack real-time adaptability, such as user barge-in. Recent duplex speech-to-speech and speech-to-text models reduce latency by replacing multi-stage pipelines, but often compromise speech quality because accurate ASR, interruption handling, and high-fidelity synthesis must be optimized jointly. We propose VoiceChat-TTS, a low-latency, continuous, and streamable text-to-speech model for interactive agents. VoiceChat-TTS is driven directly by LLM text-token streams, supports explicit interruption via control tokens, and produces silence when no textual input is available. The model enables always-on, responsive speech generation while preserving modularity and high speech quality, and it supports mid-utterance interruptions without resetting the KV cache.
Table 1: Comparison between TTS models. VoiceChat-TTS is evaluated with different numbers of consecutive turns.
Model
CER(%) ↓
WER(%) ↓
Squim-MOS ↑
PersonaPlex [ 18 ]
4.06
5.00
4.094
PersonaPlex + VoiceChat-TTS
2.05±0.78
2.42±0.80
4.292±0.007
Table 2: Comparison between PersonaPlex and VoiceChat-TTS on the Smooth Turn Taking subset of Full-Duplex-Bench, using the same PersonaPlex-predicted textual content.
Force Silence
IOR@320ms (%) ↑
Mean stop latency (ms) ↓
Leakage@1s (ms) ↓
AI-CER (%) ↓
False
96.8
228.3
169.1
0.255
True
100.0
89.9
55.8
0.095
Table 3: Effect of deterministic silence forcing on the FDB-timed controlled-interruption benchmark. Timing and leakage metrics are computed using the FDB v1.5 Silero VAD pipeline. AI-CER is computed only on the subsequent assistant turn and excludes the interruption-overlap interval. Values are means over ten stochastic runs; 95% confidence intervals are omitted for compactness.
Model
Conc.
Params
Acoustic ITL
Codec
Total
(ms) ↓
(ms) ↓
(ms) ↓
Qwen3-TTS-12Hz [ 6 ]
1
1.7B
15.44
4.90
20.34
VoiceChat-TTS
1
977M
7.16
2.46
9.62
Qwen3-TTS-12Hz [ 6 ]
4
1.7B
17.09
4.99
22.08
VoiceChat-TTS
4
977M
12.35
2.89
15.24
Table 4: Streaming latency comparison on an RTX A6000 GPU. ITL denotes the time to produce one frame of acoustic tokens at 12.5 Hz, corresponding to 80 ms of audio. Codec denotes the measured time to decode one acoustic-token frame into waveform audio.
We introduce NemotronLabs VoiceChat, an open full-duplex speech-to-speech model with native tool-calling capabilities. NemotronLabs VoiceChat combines a streaming speech encoder and decoder-only language model with parallel specialized output streams for agent text and structured function calls, an auxiliary RNN-T branch for incremental user transcription, and a streaming TTS decoder. This design enables the model to listen, transcribe, reason, invoke tools, and speak within a unified streaming architecture while preserving the temporal behavior required for natural conversation. On Full-Duplex-Bench 1.0, NemotronLabs VoiceChat achieves the lowest pause-handling takeover rates among evaluated open-weight systems, 100% takeover following user interruptions, and a 4.33/5 post-interruption response-quality score. On Full-Duplex-Bench 1.5, it resumes its response after user backchannels in 93% of cases. NemotronLabs VoiceChat obtains a 55.1 normalized average on VoiceBench and, on Full-Duplex-Bench 3.0 (FDB 3.0), achieves 82.5% tool-selection F1, while argument accuracy and end-to-end tool execution remain areas for improvement. These results demonstrate that full-duplex interaction, speech recognition and generation, general language capabilities, and external tool use can be integrated in a single open speech-to-speech model without sacrificing real-time conversational behavior.
Streaming text-to-speech synthesis in cascaded LLM-TTS systems still faces latency challenges as most TTS models require full context before initiating generation. We present S5-TTS, a streaming variant of T5-TTS that enables low-latency, word-by-word incremental speech synthesis through encoder-decoder language modeling and monotonic alignment learning. S5-TTS begins generating speech immediately after receiving the first few words, substantially reducing end-to-end response latency. To maintain quality under limited lookahead, we introduce a lookahead-causal masking mechanism with Conv-based auxiliary attention that preserves intelligibility and speaker similarity, and employ interleaved multi-source distillation to further restore naturalness. Experiments show that S5-TTS achieves comparable quality to full-context T5-TTS, supports zero-shot synthesis with high speaker similarity, and significantly reduces end-to-end latency for practical conversational AI systems.
Recent progress in speech dialogue systems requires Text-to-Speech (TTS) models to be faster and more responsive. Modern speech dialogue systems impose two primary requirements on TTS models: low latency and support for streaming inputs and outputs. However, most existing single-codebook LLM-based TTS methods rely on multi-stage pipelines that lack native streaming capabilities. These systems typically suffer from high end-to-end latency due to slow autoregressive prediction and multi-step flow matching. To address these limitations, we propose FlashTTS, an open-source and low-latency streaming TTS framework. FlashTTS introduces a lagged multi-track architecture that natively processes streaming text and speech inputs, thereby eliminating the need for sentence-level buffering. To accelerate acoustic generation, we integrate parallel Multi-Token Prediction (MTP) with an X-pred mean flow matching decoder. This configuration achieves high-fidelity token-to-mel generation in exactly two function evaluations (2-NFE). By jointly optimizing input processing and decoding efficiency, FlashTTS offers a practical foundation for real-time speech dialogue systems. Experiments show that FlashTTS substantially reduces First-Packet Latency to 325ms compared to robust streaming baselines, all while preserving strong zero-shot voice cloning and cross-lingual intelligibility. Speech samples are available. The model code and checkpoints will be released as open source.