cs.LGAug 26, 2026

Beyond Capability Benchmarks: Learning Operational Fingerprints of LLM Cloud Services from Production Incident Metadata

Authors: Meiwei Zhang, Eduardo Miranda, Bruce Baynes, Suvigya Jain, Wanlong Chen, Tao He, Sergey Borodavkin

Organizations: Google Cloud Platform, Google LLC

Abstract

Managed LLM services are now part of real production systems, but model selection and service planning still rely heavily on capability benchmarks that reveal little about operational behavior after deployment. We present Operational Embedding (OpEmbed), a framework for learning compact operational fingerprints of LLM cloud services from structured, privacy-preserving support-case metadata, without using case text. OpEmbed aggregates model--time windows into an eight-channel operational signature and learns a low-dimensional representation via temporal contrastive learning, cross-view reconstruction, and generational-ordinality regularization. Evaluated on more than 33,000 production support cases spanning seven LLM families over 26 months at Google Cloud, OpEmbed recovers interpretable family- and version-level structure, improves leave-one-model-out operational forecasting over non-learned baselines, remains useful under limited early-window data, and supports cross-model fault-type transfer. We report the practical lessons learned from building and evaluating this tool for model onboarding, support readiness assessment, and operational monitoring.

Figures & tables

Appendix figures & tables5 assets

Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.

Appendix

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. A Large-Scale Benchmark and Risk Assessment of Traffic Analysis Attacks on Cloud LLM Services

    Sep 25, 2026Shahrooz Pouryousef, Jesus Lopez, Saeefa Rubaiyat Nowmi +4LLM SecurityPrivacy Leakage in Language Models

  2. Bridging Foundational and Agentic Capabilities of LLMs

    Oct 21, 2026Wei Guo, Yuanjian Xu, Jianing Hao +4LLM Agent EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks

  3. Trains but Doesn't Learn: A Post-Training Delivery Benchmark for LLM Agents as Forward-Deployed Engineers

    Sep 21, 2026Weihang Ding, Junfei ZhanLLM Agent EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks