Efficient JPEG Restoration in the Wavelet Domain via Mean Flows
Organizations: Independent Researcher · Faculty of Physics, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Ia¸si
Abstract
Latest JPEG restoration systems achieve strong quality with large models, yet often remain too slow and expensive for efficient on-device deployment. We present a 65M-parameter generative restorer that attains the lowest LPIPS at QF 10 and 20 on LIVE-1, Urban100, and DIV2K-val while sustaining 8.05 images/s at on a single RTX 3090, roughly the reported throughput of one-step SODiff at one-twentieth of its parameters. Trained from scratch, the model replaces the learned VAE encoder-decoder with an exactly invertible two-level Haar transform, predicts a clean wavelet-domain residual through a rank-enhanced linear-attention DiT that estimates compression severity internally, and is optimized with an improved MeanFlow objective that enables inference in one or two network evaluations without distillation. Large pretrained priors remain stronger under severe compression (QF 5), whereas our model prioritizes throughput for deployment-constrained restoration.
Figures & tables
| Method | Parameters (M) | NFE | Latency (s) | Throughput (img/s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FBCNN | 70.10 | 1 | 0.275 | 3.63 |
| JDEC | 38.90 | 1 | 0.860 | 1.16 |
| PromptCIR | 34.75 | 64 | 27.97 | 0.0358 |
| SUPIR | 4490 | 50 | 48.66 | 0.0206 |
| SODiff | 1288 | 1 | 0.610 | 1.64 |
| Ours | 65.32 | 2 | 0.1242 | 8.05 |
| Configuration | Batch latency (s) | Throughput (img/s) | Peak memory (GiB) | LPIPS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RF BF16, Euler-20 | 10.6677 | 1.4999 | 2.0378 | 0.177425 |
| MeanFlow BF16, uniform-2 | 1.2689 | 12.6096 | 1.9794 | 0.160386 |
| torch.compile | 0.5961 | 26.8415 | 0.5107 | 0.160386 |
| INT8 weights | 0.6093 | 26.2585 | 0.4907 | 0.160416 |
Appendix figures & tables1 asset
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.