Towards Model as a Library: Offline, Community-Sourced AI for Low-Resource African Languages
Organizations: Centre of Research, Experimentation and Production SCEMI, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon · Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Abstract
Large language models are frequently proposed as a route to AI-powered services for African communities, but they are least reliable exactly where the need is greatest: all African languages remain low-resource by any standard measure, and models trained on scraped, standardised text systematically misrepresent the dialectal and regional variation of how people actually speak. We introduce \textbf{Model as a Library (MaaL)}, a software architecture that packages small, community-enrolled speech models as versioned on-device dependencies, enabling offline structured data collection that cannot generatively hallucinate, for populations that current language models serve worst. Rather than relying on web-scraped corpora, MaaL's vocabulary is enrolled directly from a small number of example recordings by the speakers themselves, at the point of deployment. We describe the architecture and its central mechanism - keyword spotting that turns a closed-vocabulary text form into a voice form, filled and submitted entirely on-device - and propose transpiling the closed-vocabulary elements already present in widely-deployed digital form tools into MaaL schemas, a low-friction path to voice-first, offline data collection for the low-literacy populations these tools already reach. This is a position and system-design paper: we describe the concept, the mechanism, and an analytical feasibility case, and identify what a working implementation still requires.
Figures & tables
| Layer | Component | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Form schema | Field domain-model bindings; no ML code |
| 2 | Nomadic runtime | Prompt, record, route, threshold – fully offline |
| 3 | Model library | Shared backbone + versioned, community-enrolled models |
| Quantity | Estimate | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| On-device footprint | 46–202 KB | DS-CNN-S/M [ 13 ] , quantised sizes [ 2 , 10 ] , + 4 domain models, 25 terms |
| Latency (Android) | 20–60 ms | DS-CNN operation counts [ 13 ] |
| Latency (ESP32-S3) | 160 ms | Edge Impulse KWS benchmark [ 7 ] |
| Update bandwidth | 0.5–50 KB | Delta OTA to full sneakernet/mesh transfer |