cs.LGOct 2, 2026

O~(T)\tilde{O}(\sqrt{T}) Regret and Polylogarithmic Constraint Violation for COCO

Authors: Dhruv Sarkar, Abhishek Sinha

Organizations: MIT Cambridge, USA · Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai, India

Abstract

We study constrained online convex optimization with adversarial convex costs and constraints (COCO\mathsf{COCO}). At each round t∈[T]t\in[T], a learner selects xtx_t from a dd-dimensional convex decision set XX, after which an adaptive adversary reveals a convex cost function ftf_t and constraint function gtg_t. Consequently, the learner incurs a cost of ft(xt)f_t(x_t) and a constraint violation of max⁡{0,gt(xt)}\max\{0,g_t(x_t)\}, and aims to simultaneously minimize regret and cumulative constraint violation (CCV\mathsf{CCV}) over the entire horizon. Existing algorithms achieve O(T)O(\sqrt{T}) regret and O~(T)\widetilde O(\sqrt{T}) CCV\mathsf{CCV}. We show that an online policy can achieve O(Tlog⁡T)O(\sqrt{T\log T}) regret and O(log⁡2T)O(\log^2 T) CCV\mathsf{CCV}, reducing the CCV\mathsf{CCV} from polynomial to polylogarithmic while retaining near-optimal regret. When all cost functions are either αα-exp-concave or ββ-strongly convex, the algorithm achieves O(log⁡T)O(\log T) regret with the same CCV\mathsf{CCV} bound as above. Our approach combines continuous Hedge with elimination on shrinking feasible sets. The key observation is that whenever the mean of the Hedge distribution violates a constraint, Grünbaum's inequality guarantees that a constant fraction of the Hedge probability mass is eliminated. We use an adaptive learning-rate schedule and a potential function coupling the surviving volume with the learning rate to convert this probability-mass reduction into a bound of O(log⁡2T)O(\log^2 T) on the CCV\mathsf{CCV}.

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