VICAR: Video Imitation with Contact-Aware Retargeting for Humanoid Interactive Skills
Organizations: University of California, Berkeley
Abstract
Third-person human videos offer a scalable alternative to task-specific reward engineering, teleoperation, and manually scripted demonstrations for humanoid loco-manipulation. Recent video-to-humanoid systems have shown that noisy human motion, object trajectories, and contacts can be extracted from unstructured videos and refined into deployable skills. However, a key gap remains for contact-rich imitation: the task is often defined by world-frame contacts whose poses, timing, and speed must survive embodiment mismatch and runtime scene changes. Towards this, we present VICAR (Video Imitation with Contact-Aware Retargeting), a pipeline for learning humanoid interactive skills from third-person human videos. The system first recovers human motion, reconstructs task-relevant obstacles from monocular video, and then retargets the motion to a humanoid while preserving global contact poses, motion speed, and collision clearance. Unlike retargeting methods that only remove penetration or preserve local interaction geometry, our formulation represents user-specified contact poses and collision clearance as high-priority Lagrangian penalty terms and optimizes the full motion to remain smooth through contact-rich transitions. The resulting motions are used to train a contact-conditioned motion generator whose inputs include movable contact points enabling runtime adaptation to new contact positions. We demonstrate the framework on ten diverse third-person video skills, including six table-tennis serves, three object-pickup tasks, and ladder climbing, and deploy the learned skills on hardware. These results suggest that contact-preserving retargeting is a practical step toward humanoids that learn useful interactive behavior by watching humans.
Figures & tables
| Method | Kin./collision handling | Object interaction | Terrain interaction | Data aug. | Preserve global contact poses | Preserve global relative speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHC [ 5 ] | – | |||||
| GMR [ 21 ] | – | |||||
| VideoMimic [ 1 ] | Penalty | |||||
| OmniRetarget [ 3 ] | Hard | Relative | ||||
| VICAR (Ours) | Penalty |
| Term | Weight | Std. | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Global anchor position | Tracks torso/anchor world position. | ||
| Global anchor orientation | Tracks anchor orientation. | ||
| Relative body position | Tracks selected body-link positions relative to the anchor. | ||
| Relative body orientation | Tracks selected body-link orientations. | ||
| Body linear velocity | Tracks selected body-link linear velocities. | ||
| Body angular velocity | Tracks selected body-link angular velocities. |
| # | Skill | Preserved Contacts | Movable Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Simple forehand serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| 2 | Simple backhand serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| 3 | Forehand chop serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| 4 | Backhand chop serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| 5 | Forehand side-spin serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| 6 | Backhand side-spin serve | Toss | Racket hit pose |
| Table-tennis serves / Bimanual pick-place / Pick under table | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Pen. (cm) | Anchor res. (cm) | Infeas. (%) | Avg jerk (rad/step 3 ) | Max vel. (rad/step) | Speed err. (m/step) | RL success (%) |
| PHC [ 5 ] | 0.00 /3.54/0.75 | – | – | 0.059/ .0020 / .0016 | 1.496/ .205 / .096 | .014/.073/.013 | 41.0/0.0/0.0 |
| GMR [ 21 ] | 0.00 /4.21/7.43 | – | – | .033/.0049/.0045 | .831/1.159/.523 | .0018/.397/.023 | 97.2/52.4/46.8 |
| VideoMimic [ 1 ] | 0.00 /.53/.37 | – | – | .033/.0051/.0054 | .894/1.204/.614 | .0018/.464/.120 | 96.3/99.7/94.6 |
| OmniRetarget [ 3 ] | 0.00 / .03 /.06 | – | – | .062/.0046/.0020 | 1.597/.833/.176 | .014/.946/.013 | 99.8 / 100 /98.1 |
| VICAR | 0.00 /.04/ .01 | .12/.42/.52 | 0.0/0.0/0.0 | .032 /.0026/.0024 | .787 /.249/.098 | .000 / .0014 / .00019 | 99.8 / 100 / 99.2 |