Training a Compact, Strong, and Realistic Text-to-Speech Model
Organizations: AutoArk
Abstract
Text-to-speech (TTS) systems are conventionally optimized for intelligibility and speaker similarity. However, neither objective captures the prosodic detail that distinguishes human performances from synthetic speech, leaving a realism gap that larger models and higher-quality data can narrow but not close. In the absence of an objective that directly targets this gap, realism remains a persistent challenge in TTS. We present Audio8-TTS, a compact 0.6B-parameter model for zero-shot voice cloning that achieves state-of-the-art performance in intelligibility and speaker similarity, with particularly strong results in perceptual naturalness. To align the training signal with human perception rather than signal-level fidelity, we construct a quality ladder from widely used open-source TTS systems and train a realism critic to assess generated speech against matched human recordings of the same sentences. An identity-erasure objective discourages the critic from relying on generator fingerprints. We train the model in three stages: multilingual supervised fine-tuning; group relative policy optimization (GRPO) with word error rate (WER) and speaker similarity (SIM) rewards; and GRPO guided by the realism critic. The final stage improves perceived prosodic naturalness and speaker similarity while preserving WER performance.
Figures & tables
| SFT | GRPO (WER/SIM) | GRPO (realism) | |
| CV3, error rate (%) | 5.41 | 5.01 | 4.86 |
| CV3, SIM | 0.639 | 0.643 | 0.661 |
| Add. languages † , error rate (%) | 22.36 | 22.53 | 20.77 |
| Add. languages † , SIM | 0.638 | 0.637 | 0.679 |
| Params. | Seed-TTS (en/zh) | CV3 (9) | MiniMax (24) | ||||
| Model | (B) | Error | SIM | Error | SIM | Error | SIM |
| Seed-TTS [ 1 ] | |||||||
| MiniMax [ 37 ] | |||||||
| IndexTTS-2.5 [ 19 ] | |||||||
| Qwen3-TTS-12Hz-0.6B [ 15 ] | 0.6 | ||||||
| Qwen3-TTS-1.7B [ 15 ] | 1.7 | ||||||
TTS Synthesis
Text-to-speech synthesis converts written language into intelligible, natural-sounding speech with control over voice, prosody, style, and timing.
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