WorldOracle: Benchmarking Action-Conditioned World Models against Real-World Executions
Organizations: AgiBot · Princeton University · NVIDIA · University of Toronto ·
Abstract
We introduce WorldOracle, a benchmark specifically designed to evaluate action-conditioned world models (ACWMs) against paired real-world executions. Given the same initial observation and low-level action sequence, WorldOracle asks whether a predicted rollout reproduces what happens in the real world, including physical consequences and task-state transitions. We evaluate models along four complementary dimensions: physical state correctness, interaction spatial alignment, key interaction area fidelity, and multi-view action coherence. To support this evaluation, we curate real-world training and evaluation suites that cover different interaction dynamics and embodiments. The evaluation suite contains long, multi-segment episodes with both successful and failed executions, enabling evaluation across varied action outcomes and behavior distributions. Experiments on seven representative ACWMs reveal distinct model strengths and failure modes. WorldOracle provides a systematic foundation for measuring and advancing action-conditioned world modeling for manipulation. We release the datasets, evaluation code, and leaderboard: https://worldoracle-benchmark.github.io/.
Figures & tables
| Benchmark | # Samples | Action. | Real. | Fail. | Long. | Multi-Embod. | Multi-view. | Policy Dist. |
| EWMBench [ 36 ] | 100 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ (AgiBot G1) | ✗ | ✗ |
| PAI-Bench [ 40 ] | 2808 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ (AgiBot G1, WidowX, Human hand) | ✗ | ✗ |
| WoW-World-Eval [ 11 ] | 609 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ (Franka, UR5e, AgileX, humanoid) | ✗ | ✗ |
| RBench [ 9 ] | 650 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ (single-, dual-arm,humanoid, quadruped) | ✗ | ✗ |
| WorldArena [ 25 ] | 500 | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ | ✗ (RoboTwin) | ✗ | ✓ |
| EZSBench [ 6 ] | 196 | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ (real/synthetic robot morphologies) | ✗ | ✗ |
| Model | Regime | Physical Correctness | Spatial Alignment | Key Area Fidelity | Multi-View Coherence | WorldOracle | |
| -SV | -MV | ||||||
| IRASim [ 41 ] | 30s | – | – | ||||
| Long | – | – | |||||
| Ctrl-World [ 14 ] | 30s | ||||||
| Long | |||||||
| DreamDojo [ 12 ] | 30s | – | – | ||||
| Model | Physical Correctness | Spatial Alignment | Key Area Fidelity | Multi-View Coherence | WorldOracle | |
| -SV | -MV | |||||
| IRASim [ 41 ] | – | – | ||||
| Ctrl-World [ 14 ] | ||||||
| DreamDojo [ 12 ] | – | – | ||||
| Cosmos 3 [ 1 ] | – | – | ||||
| GE-Sim 2.0 [ 24 ] | ||||||
| Model | Regime | Physical Correctness | Spatial Alignment | Key Area Fidelity | Multi-View Coherence | WorldOracle | |
| -SV | -MV | ||||||
| IRASim [ 41 ] | 30s | – | – | ||||
| Long | – | – | |||||
| Ctrl-World [ 14 ] | 30s | ||||||
| Long | |||||||
| DreamDojo [ 12 ] | 30s | – | – | ||||
| Model | Regime | Physical | Spatial | Key Area | |
| Correctness | Alignment | Fidelity | WorldOracle-SV | ||
| JointControlVideo [ 37 ] | 30s | ||||
| Long | |||||
| Cosmos 3 [ 1 ] | 30s | ||||
| Long | |||||
| OSCAR [ 32 ] | 30s |
Appendix figures & tables4 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Task | Episodes | FPS | Mean SD (s) | Range (s) | Hours |
| Pick fruit | 426 | 30 | – | 7.12 | |
| Hang towel | 391 | 30 | – | 6.58 | |
| Pour water | 523 | 30 | – | 8.98 | |
| Pull drawer | 439 | 30 | – | 7.40 | |
| Total | 1,779 | 30 | – | 30.08 |
| Embodiment | Action source | Task distribution | Episodes | FPS | Mean SD (s) | Range (s) | Hours |
| AgiBot G2 | Human-operated | Pick (25), Hang (25), Pour (25), Pull (25) | 100 | 30 | – | 3.30 | |
| AgiBot G2 | Policy-rollout | Pick (20), Hang (20), Pour (20) | 60 | 30 | – | 0.38 | |
| YAM | Human-operated | Pick (25), Hang (25), Pull (25) | 75 | 30 | – | 2.56 | |
| Human hand | Human-operated | Pick (25), Hang (25), Pour (25), Pull (25) | 100 | 15 | – | 3.48 | |
| Total | – | Pick (95), Hang (95), Pour (70), Pull (75) | 335 | – | – | 9.72 |
| Model | Pretrained Embodiment(s) | Step | Batch | Optimizer | Peak LR | Weight Decay | Precision |
| IRASim | WidowX (Bridge) | 100K | 32 | AdamW | 0 | FP32 | |
| Ctrl-World | Franka Panda | 250K | 32 | AdamW | BF16 | ||
| DreamDojo | Human, Unitree G1, Fourier GR-1, AgiBot, YAM | 100K | 16 | Fused AdamW | BF16 | ||
| Cosmos 3 | AgiBot, Franka Panda, Google Robot, WidowX, UMI, UR | 200K | 8 | AdamW | BF16 | ||
| GE-Sim 2.0 | AgiBot G1 | 23K | 64 | 8-bit AdamW | BF16 | ||
| policy | Franka Panda | 51K | 256 | AdamW | BF16 |
| Model | Size | Action Conditioning | Generated Frames | History Frames | Output | Resolution |
| IRASim | 0.7B | Relative EEF/gripper; frame-level AdaLN | 15 | 1 | Video | |
| Ctrl-World | 1.5B | Absolute EEF/gripper; frame-wise cross-attention | 5 | 6 (sparse) | Multi-view video | |
| DreamDojo | 2B | Block-relative robot actions; 4-action chunks via AdaLN | 12 | 1 | Video | |
| Cosmos 3 | 16B | Relative EEF/gripper/hand pose; action-token conditioning | 16 | 1 | Video | |
| GE-Sim 2.0 | 2B | Absolute EEF/gripper; channel-concat trajectory + ray maps | 25 | 4 (sparse) | Multi-view video, proprioception, reward | |
| JointControlVideo | 14B | Absolute hand pose; channel-concat depth-aware heatmaps | 80 | 1 | Video |
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