Anomaly Localization

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Overview

Anomaly localization studies how to find the specific pixels, regions, frames, time intervals, or variables responsible for an unusual observation, so that detection can support inspection and diagnosis. Common approaches learn normal patterns with reconstruction models, pretrained visual features, or memory banks, then produce anomaly maps; weakly supervised video models and vision-language systems use image- or video-level labels, prompts, or reasoning to ground their predictions. In time-series and infrastructure settings, forecasting, causal graphs, and counterfactual analysis help locate affected variables or likely root causes. A central challenge is making localization reliable under domain shift and limited labels, while evaluating spatial or temporal precision separately from image- or video-level detection scores.

Latest papers

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147 papers16 papers in the last four weeks, up 7% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. AD4AD: Benchmarking Visual Anomaly Detection Models for Safer Autonomous Driving

    Apr 16, 2026Fabrizio Genilotti, Arianna Stropeni, Gionata Grotto +4Autonomous DrivingAnomaly Localization

    University of Padova, Italy

  2. Fun-TSG: A Function-Driven Multivariate Time Series Generator with Variable-Level Anomaly Labeling

    Apr 14, 2026Pierre Lotte, André Péninou, Olivier TesteTime Series GenerationAnomaly Localization

    EPE UT, IRIT · UT2J, IRIT-SIG, IRIT · IRIT-SIG, IRIT, UT2J, Comue de Toulouse

  3. MMR-AD: A Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset for Benchmarking General Anomaly Detection with Multimodal Large Language Models

    Apr 13, 2026Xincheng Yao, Zefeng Qian, Chao Shi +2Anomaly DetectionIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  4. ESOM: Efficiently Understanding Streaming Video Anomalies with Open-world Dynamic Definitions

    Apr 9, 2026Zihao Liu, Xiaoyu Wu, Wenna Li +2Video Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Localization

    State Key Laboratory of Media Convergence and Communication, Communication University of China, Beijing, China

  5. Reasoning-Guided Grounding: Elevating Video Anomaly Detection through Multimodal Large Language Models

    Apr 7, 2026Sakshi Agarwal, Aishik Konwer, Ankit Parag ShahVideo Anomaly DetectionInterpretable Anomaly Detection

    Center of Advanced AI, Accenture.

  6. Hierarchical Point-Patch Fusion with Adaptive Patch Codebook for 3D Shape Anomaly Detection

    Apr 5, 2026Xueyang Kang, Zizhao Li, Tian Lan +3Point Cloud Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Detection

    The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia · Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China · The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia +1

  7. GenGait: A Transformer-Based Model for Human Gait Anomaly Detection and Normative Twin Generation

    Apr 2, 2026Elisa Motta, Marta Lorenzini, Clara Mouawad +3Gait AnalysisAnomaly Localization

    HRI2 Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, Italy · Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Rome, Italy · Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

  8. mmAnomaly: Leveraging Visual Context for Robust Anomaly Detection in the Non-Visual World with mmWave Radar

    Apr 1, 2026Tarik Reza Toha, Shao-Jung, Lu +2Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Localization

    Louie · University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA

  9. Reasoning-Driven Anomaly Detection and Localization with Image-Level Supervision

    Mar 28, 2026Yizhou Jin, Yuezhu Feng, Jinjin Zhang +3Anomaly LocalizationMultimodal Anomaly Detection

    State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China · Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China

  10. ARMOR: A Robust Self-Supervised Framework for Root Cause Analysis in Microservices under Missing Modality

    Mar 26, 2026Wenzhuo Qian, Hailiang Zhao, Ziqi Wang +4Root Cause AnalysisMultimodal Anomaly Detection

    Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

  11. Hyperspectral Trajectory Image for Multi-Month Trajectory Anomaly Detection

    Mar 26, 2026Md Awsafur Rahman, Chandrakanth Gudavalli, Hardik Prajapati +1Anomaly LocalizationTransformer Attention

    UC Santa Barbara, USA

  12. Template-Based Feature Aggregation Network for Industrial Anomaly Detection

    Mar 24, 2026Wei Luo, Haiming Yao, Wenyong YuIndustrial Anomaly DetectionReconstruction-Based Anomaly Detection

    State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China · State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China

  13. URA-Net: Uncertainty-Integrated Anomaly Perception and Restoration Attention Network for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Mar 24, 2026Wei Luo, Peng Xing, Yunkang Cao +3Unsupervised Anomaly DetectionIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China · State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

  14. Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection via Geometric Prior

    Mar 24, 2026Min Li, Jinghui He, Gang Li +3Industrial Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Localization

    Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China. · Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center (National Supercomputer Center in Jinan), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China. · Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computing Power Internet and Service Computing, Shandong Fundamental Research Center for Computer Science, Jinan, China.

  15. Decoupled Sensitivity-Consistency Learning for Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection

    Mar 20, 2026Hantao Zheng, Ning Han, Yawen Zeng +1Video Anomaly DetectionWeakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection

    School of Computer Science, Hunan University, China · School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, China

  16. Demographic-Aware Self-Supervised Anomaly Detection Pretraining for Equitable Rare Cardiac Diagnosis

    Mar 20, 2026Chaoqin Huang, Zi Zeng, Aofan Jiang +6Electrocardiogram ClassificationAnomaly Detection

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China · National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China +2

  17. FB-CLIP: Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection with Foreground-Background Disentanglement

    Mar 20, 2026Ming Hu, Yongsheng Huo, Mingyu Dou +6Zero-Shot Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Detection

    Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Xi’an Jiaotong University +1

  18. AD-Copilot: A Vision-Language Assistant for Industrial Anomaly Detection via Visual In-context Comparison

    Mar 14, 2026Xi Jiang, Yue Guo, Jian Li +7Industrial Anomaly DetectionIndustrial Inspection

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China · Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China · Tencent YouTu Lab, Shenzhen and Shanghai, China +3

  19. Integration of deep generative Anomaly Detection algorithm in high-speed industrial line

    Mar 8, 2026Niccolò Ferrari, Nicola Zanarini, Michele Fraccaroli +2Industrial Anomaly DetectionOnline Anomaly Detection

    Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, Ferrara, 44122, Italy. · Bonfiglioli Engineering, Via Amerigo Vespucci 20, Ferrara, 44124, Italy.

  20. GRD-Net: Generative-Reconstructive-Discriminative Anomaly Detection with Region of Interest Attention Module

    Mar 8, 2026Niccolò Ferrari, Michele Fraccaroli, Evelina LammaIndustrial Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Localization

    Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy · Bonfiglioli Engineering, Via Amerigo Vespucci 20, 44124 Ferrara, Italy

  21. Weakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection with Anomaly-Connected Components and Intention Reasoning

    Feb 28, 2026Yu Wang, Shengjie ZhaoVideo Anomaly DetectionWeakly Supervised Video Anomaly Detection

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

  22. RAID: Retrieval-Augmented Anomaly Detection

    Feb 23, 2026Mingxiu Cai, Zhe Zhang, Gaochang Wu +2Unsupervised Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Detection

    State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University · University of Surrey

  23. Explainable Visual Anomaly Detection via Concept Bottleneck Models

    Nov 25, 2025Arianna Stropeni, Valentina Zaccaria, Francesco Borsatti +3Interpretable Anomaly DetectionAnomaly Localization

    University of Padova, Italy

  24. Structured Temporal Causality for Interpretable Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection

    Oct 18, 2025Dongchan Cho, Jiho Han, Keumyeong Kang +3Time-Series Anomaly DetectionUnsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Industrial AI Lab, SimPlatform Co. Ltd. Affiliate Research Institute

  25. Diverse Normal Prototypes-Guided Contrastive Reconstruction for Medical Anomaly Detection

    Aug 27, 2025Luhu Li, Bin Liu, Bowen Lin +3Prototype LearningMedical Image Anomaly Detection

    School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China · Department of Interventional Medicine and Minimally Invasive Oncology, The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China · Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,2026 Jinan 250033, China

  26. AD-FM: Multimodal LLMs for Anomaly Detection via Multi-Stage Reasoning and Fine-Grained Reward Optimization

    Aug 6, 2025Jingyi Liao, Yongyi Su, Rong-Cheng Tu +6VLM AdaptationIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    1Nanyang Technological University · Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), A*STAR · 3South China University of Technology

  27. OCSVM-Guided Representation Learning for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Jul 25, 2025Nicolas Pinon, Robin Trombetta, Carole LartizienMedical Image Anomaly DetectionUnsupervised Representation Learning

    MYRIAD