MaPa: Text-driven Photorealistic Material Painting for 3D Shapes

Material generation should produce not only an appearance, but also the rules that construct it. We introduce MatLoom, a compact, layer-oriented language for text-to-material generation with pretrained language models. Each program composes alpha-masked layers whose shared spatial expressions define coverage and physically based rendering (PBR) channels, making dependencies between patterns, color, and relief explicit. A standalone interpreter evaluates the program into material maps, while the source retains named fields and layer parameters for subsequent authoring. Without task-specific fine-tuning, our pipeline uses parser-guided repair and preview-based critique to revise material designs, then searches noise seeds while keeping each candidate's remaining source fixed. On a curated benchmark of 141 prompts evaluated with six backbones, our best-performing configuration achieves higher mean scores than three diffusion baselines on all four flat-layout prompt-alignment metrics. Its initial programs already exceed all three baselines on mean BLIPScore, before critique or seed search. Retained programs have a median length of 21 lines when pooled across backbones. In a blind four-way comparison involving 30 participants and 20 prompts, our renders receive 59.2% of choices, compared with 19.3% for the most-preferred baseline. Compact executable programs thus offer a way to generate prompt-aligned materials while retaining their construction as part of the asset.

Recently, diffusion-based material transfer methods rely on image fine-tuning or complex architectures with auxiliary networks but face challenges such as text dependency, additional computational costs, and feature misalignment. To address these limitations, we propose \textbf{DealMaTe}, using \underline{\textbf{de}}pth, norm\underline{\textbf{a}}l, and \underline{\textbf{l}}ighting images for \underline{\textbf{ma}}terial \underline{\textbf{t}}ransf\underline{\textbf{e}}r. DealMaTe is a simplified diffusion framework that eliminates text guidance and reference networks. We design a lightweight 3D information injection method, Multi-Dim 3D Shader LoRA, which, without modifying the base model weights, enables compatible control conditions and achieves harmonious and stable results. Additionally, we optimize the attention mechanism with Shader Causal Mutual Attention and key-value (KV) caching to reduce inference latency caused by multiple conditions, improve computational efficiency, and achieve high-quality material transfer results with low architectural complexity. Extensive experiments covering a wide variety of objects and lighting conditions consistently demonstrate that DealMaTe achieves remarkable high-fidelity material transfer under arbitrary input materials. The code is available at https://github.com/haha-lisa/DealMaTe.

Recent diffusion-based methods for material transfer rely on image fine-tuning or complex architectures with assistive networks, but face challenges including text dependency, extra computational costs, and feature misalignment. To address these limitations, we propose MaTe, a streamlined diffusion framework that eliminates textual guidance and reference networks. MaTe integrates input images at the token level, enabling unified processing via multi-modal attention in a shared latent space. This design removes the need for additional adapters, ControlNet, inversion sampling, or model fine-tuning. Extensive experiments demonstrate that MaTe achieves high-quality material generation under a zero-shot, training-free paradigm. It outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both visual quality and efficiency while preserving precise detail alignment, significantly simplifying inference prerequisites.