Vietnamese Automatic Speech Recognition: A Revisit
Organizations: Qualcomm Vietnam Company Limited. Qualcomm AI Research is an initiative of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Abstract
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) performance is heavily dependent on the availability of large-scale, high-quality datasets. For low-resource languages, existing open-source ASR datasets often suffer from insufficient quality and inconsistent annotation, hindering the development of robust models. To address these challenges, we propose a novel and generalizable data aggregation and preprocessing pipeline designed to construct high-quality ASR datasets from diverse, potentially noisy, open-source sources. Our pipeline incorporates rigorous processing steps to ensure data diversity, balance, and the inclusion of crucial features like word-level timestamps. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology by applying it to Vietnamese, resulting in a unified, high-quality 500-hour dataset that provides a foundation for training and evaluating state-of-the-art Vietnamese ASR systems. Our project page is available at https://github.com/qualcomm-ai-research/PhoASR.
Figures & tables
| Dataset | Sample Rate (Hz) | Speech Type | Domain | Text Length | Duration | License |
| VSV-1100 | 16000 | Spontaneous | General | 3–43 | 14 | 2–8 | 4 | Apache 2.0 |
| viVoice | 24000 | Spontaneous | General | 1–60 | 16 | 1–19 | 4 | CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 |
| BUD500 | 16000 | Spontaneous | General | 6–32 | 10 | 1–8 | 3 | CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 |
| VLSP2020 | 16000 | Spontaneous | Unknown | 1–132 | 17 | 1–30 | 5 | Custom |
| Vietnam-Celeb | 16000 | Spontaneous | Interviews, Shows | W/o transcripts | 1–30 | 8 | Custom |
| ViMD | 44100 | Spontaneous | Broadcast News | 6–132 | 62 | 2–30 | 19 | CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 |
| Dataset | Original | Sampled | PhoASR | Train. | Valid. | Test | PhoASR-3100h |
| VSV-1100 | 1144.53 | 48.85 | 25.69 | 25.69 | N/A | N/A | 1144.52 |
| viVoice | 1016.97 | 89.41 | 33.42 | 33.42 | N/A | N/A | 997.07 |
| BUD500 | 461.90 | 45.24 | 20.61 | 20.55 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 456.58 |
| VLSP2020 | 261.83 | 261.83 | 205.87 | 196.48 | 2.06 | 7.33 | 258.91 |
| Vietnam-Celeb | 187.37 | 98.95 | 37.37 | 37.37 | N/A | N/A | 62.58 |
| ViMD | 102.56 | 97.57 | 61.60 | 53.13 | 6.54 | 1.93 | 98.10 |
| Region | Training | Validation | Test | Total |
| North | 266.17 | 11.48 | 8.52 | 286.17 |
| South | 138.09 | 4.01 | 4.37 | 146.47 |
| Central | 64.34 | 3.21 | 2.48 | 70.03 |
| Total | 468.60 | 18.70 | 15.37 | 502.67 |
| Dataset | North | Central | South | Overall | |
| O-WER | 64h-north | 19.89 | 26.16 | 20.85 | 21.08 |
| 64h-central | 21.66 | 25.40 | 20.68 | 22.16 | |
| 64h-south | 21.57 | 26.16 | 19.17 | 21.72 | |
| 192h | 15.88 | 19.86 | 15.81 | 16.53 | |
| N-WER | 64h-north | 16.32 | 22.46 | 17.22 | 17.54 |
| 64h-central | 17.62 | 22.10 | 16.99 | 18.27 | |
| Ratio | O-WER | N-WER | F1 | IoU |
| 0% | 19.21 | 15.79 | 75.83 | 49.26 |
| 25% | 22.66 | 19.23 | 76.42 | 49.65 |
| 50% | 20.40 | 16.84 | 76.72 | 51.25 |
| 75% | 22.16 | 18.38 | 79.45 | 54.84 |
| 100% | 21.88 | 17.59 | 80.61 | 57.21 |
| Model | O-WER | N-WER | F1 | IoU |
| whisper-small (Pre-trained) | 70.16 | 64.07 | - | - |
| ChunkFormer-large-vi (25K) | 32.43 | 6.89 | - | - |
| PhoWhisper-small (844h) | 33.90 | 8.97 | - | - |
| wav2vec2 (469h) | 51.15 | 14.10 | - | - |
| PhoASR-whisper-small-469h | 12.46 | 8.69 | 76.40 | 55.62 |
| PhoASR-whisper-small-3100h | 11.70 | 8.20 | 83.68 | 57.39 |
| Metric | Model (Training Hours) | BUD500 | VLSP2020 | ViMD | LSVSC | FOSD | VietMed-L | VIVOS | CMV-vi-14 | Overall |
| O-WER | ChunkFormer-large-vi (25K) | 18.22 | 38.25 | 13.13 | 14.16 | 18.9 | 14.63 | 15.38 | 22.44 | 32.43 |
| PhoWhisper-small (844h) | 19.98 | 39.77 | 13.95 | 15.32 | 21.0 | 16.58 | 16.54 | 23.87 | 33.90 | |
| wav2vec2 (469h) | 21.76 | 60.89 | 17.44 | 19.45 | 28.79 | 22.23 | 33.45 | 31.04 | 51.15 | |
| PhoASR-whisper-small-469h | 8.27 | 14.25 | 8.75 | 6.72 | 7.73 | 14.41 | 5.92 | 9.18 | 12.46 | |
| PhoASR-whisper-small-3100h | 4.22 | 13.64 | 8.08 | 6.4 | 5.53 | 15.46 | 3.06 | 7.02 | 11.7 | |
| N-WER | ChunkFormer-large-vi (25K) | 3.03 | 8.71 | 4.46 | 1.19 | 0.79 | 5.95 | 1.37 | 2.97 | 6.89 |
Speech Processing
Speech processing develops computational methods for recognizing, synthesizing, analyzing, and transforming spoken audio.
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