Structure-Preserving Multi-View Embedding Using Gromov-Wasserstein Optimal Transport
Organizations: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Canindé, Ceará, Brazil · Department of Teleinformatics Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil · Sigma Nova, Paris, France
Abstract
Multi-view data analysis seeks to integrate multiple representations of the same samples in order to recover a coherent low-dimensional structure. Classical approaches often rely on feature concatenation or explicit alignment assumptions, which become restrictive under heterogeneous geometries or nonlinear distortions. In this work, we propose two geometry-aware multi-view embedding strategies grounded in Gromov-Wasserstein (GW) optimal transport. The first, termed Mean-GWMDS, aggregates view-specific relational information by averaging distance matrices and applying GW-based multidimensional scaling to obtain a representative embedding. The second strategy, referred to as Multi-GWMDS, adopts a selection-based paradigm in which multiple geometry-consistent candidate embeddings are generated via GW-based alignment and a representative embedding is selected. Experiments on synthetic manifolds and real-world datasets show that the proposed methods effectively preserve intrinsic relational structure across views. These results highlight GW-based approaches as a flexible and principled framework for multi-view representation learning.
Figures & tables
| Multi GWMDS | Mean GWMDS | CCA | MCCA | MVMDS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-curve | view 1 | 0.8484 | 0.7750 | 0.7776 | 0.7726 | 0.7748 |
| view 2 | 0.8530 | 0.9334 | 0.8878 | 0.8545 | 0.8491 | |
| mean | 0.8507 | 0.8542 | 0.8327 | 0.8135 | 0.8119 | |
| Swiss Roll | view 1 | 0.7762 | 0.8095 | 0.7620 | 0.7418 | 0.8235 |
| view 2 | 0.9289 | 0.9055 | 0.8066 | 0.4527 | 0.8872 | |
| mean | 0.8525 | 0.8575 | 0.7843 | 0.5973 | 0.8554 |
| Multi-GWMDS | Mean-GWMDS | Multi-Isomap | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-curve | view 1 | 0.9556 | 0.9788 | 0.8009 | |
| view 2 | 0.9811 | 0.9765 | 0.8197 | ||
| mean | 0.9684 | 0.9777 | 0.8103 | ||
| Swiss Roll | view 1 | 0.9771 | 0.8507 | 0.7472 | |
| view 2 | 0.3002 | 0.6452 | 0.6833 | ||
| mean | 0.6387 | 0.7480 | 0.7153 |
| Geodesic distances | ||||
| Multi-GWMDS | Mean-GWMDS | Multi-Isomap | ||
| view 1 | 0.3342 | 0.4814 | 0.2956 | |
| view 2 | 0.3891 | 0.5004 | 0.3484 | |
| view 3 | 0.7913 | 0.4771 | 0.3697 | |
| view 4 | 0.3950 | 0.5036 | 0.3744 | |
| mean | 0.4774 | 0.4906 | 0.3470 | |