HVG-3D: Bridging Real and Simulation Domains for 3D-Conditional Hand-Object Interaction Video Synthesis
Authors: Mingjin Chen, Junhao Chen, Zhaoxin Fan, Yujian Lee, Zichen Dang, Lili Wang, Yawen Cui, Lap-Pui Chau, Yi Wang
Organizations: Dept. of EEE, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Tsinghua University · Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University
Recent methods have made notable progress in the visual quality of hand-object interaction video synthesis. However, most approaches rely on 2D control signals that lack spatial expressiveness and limit the utilization of synthetic 3D conditional data. To address these limitations, we propose HVG-3D, a unified framework for 3D-aware hand-object interaction (HOI) video synthesis conditioned on explicit 3D representations. Specifically, we develop a diffusion-based architecture augmented with a 3D ControlNet, which encodes geometric and motion cues from 3D inputs to enable explicit 3D reasoning during video synthesis. To achieve high-quality synthesis, HVG-3D is designed with two core components: (i) a 3D-aware HOI video generation diffusion architecture that encodes geometric and motion cues from 3D inputs for explicit 3D reasoning; and (ii) a hybrid pipeline for constructing input and condition signals, enabling flexible and precise control during both training and inference. During inference, given a single real image and a 3D control signal from either simulation or real data, HVG-3D generates high-fidelity, temporally consistent videos with precise spatial and temporal control. Experiments on the TASTE-Rob dataset demonstrate that HVG-3D achieves state-of-the-art spatial fidelity, temporal coherence, and controllability, while enabling effective utilization of both real and simulated data.
Figures & tables
Figure 2: Architecture of HVG-3D . The left panel illustrates the hybrid training and inference pipeline, where egocentric driving videos, simulator outputs, and 3D HOI datasets are processed by grounded segmentation, key bounding-box extraction and a point-cloud scanner to construct paired input images, 3D tracking videos, and 3D point cloud sequences. The right panel depicts the 3D-aware HOI video generation diffusion architecture, in which the 3D point cloud and tracking signals are encoded by a trainable 3D ControlNet and injected into a frozen image-to-video diffusion backbone via zero-initialized layers, enabling the synthesis of temporally coherent videos that respect the underlying 3D hand–object interaction geometry.
Method
L1 ↓
PSNR ↑
SSIM ↑
LPIPS ↓
CLIP ↑
ST-SSIM ↑
GMSD-T ↓
FID ↓
C-FID ↓
Kling [ 32 ]
17.42
19.22
0.66
0.316
0.95
0.85
0.44
98.9
18.5
Wan2.2 [ 62 ]
14.26
20.76
0.77
0.25
0.95
0.87
0.45
122.6
18.1
CogVideoX [ 76 ]
22.85
17.10
0.67
0.334
0.93
0.77
0.45
174.2
27.6
InterDyn [ 1 ]
8.81
24.13
0.82
0.205
0.95
0.95
0.45
73.3
17.8
DAS [ 17 ]
7.77
24.83
0.84
0.191
0.96
0.96
0.44
75.5
14.6
Our
9.50
24.15
0.81
0.193
0.96
0.97
0.40
58.2
14.6
Table 1: Quantitative comparison between HVG-3D and baselines on Full Frame evaluation metrics . Most video generation metrics demonstrate that HVG-3D achieves superior performance.
Method
L1 ↓
PSNR ↑
SSIM ↑
LPIPS ↓
CLIP ↑
ST-SSIM ↑
GMSD-T ↓
FID ↓
C-FID ↓
Kling [ 32 ]
41.86
14.74
0.95
0.055
0.94
0.77
0.17
182.4
24.7
Wan2.2 [ 62 ]
48.36
13.77
0.95
0.061
0.94
0.72
0.18
217.1
27.1
CogVideoX [ 76 ]
58.78
11.83
0.94
0.068
0.92
0.62
0.20
260.9
36.9
InterDyn [ 1 ]
20.99
19.03
0.96
0.034
0.96
0.92
0.16
104.5
14.5
DAS [ 17 ]
26.55
17.41
0.96
0.039
0.96
0.88
0.16
128.0
16.0
Our
20.90
19.08
0.97
0.032
0.97
0.93
0.15
88.5
13.1
Table 2: Quantitative comparison between HVG-3D and baselines on Hand Object Masked Region evaluation metrics . All video generation metrics consistently indicate that HVG-3D delivers superior performance.
Figure 3: Qualitative comparison of video generation performance . HVG-3D is capable of generating videos with highly accurate motions and superior visual quality, while further ensuring that both the hand and the object remain free from geometric deformation. A level of performance that current state-of-the-art general-purpose video generation models are unable to achieve.
Figure 4: Qualitative comparison between HVG-3D and baselines on FVD . Our method achieves the best FVD scores in both the full-frame setting and the hand–object masked region.
Method
PSNR
SSIM
LPIPS
ST-SSIM
w/o 3D pc
18.44
0.37
0.5957
0.91
w/o 3D tracking
22.76
0.75
0.2054
0.95
w/o mask loss
22.09
0.80
0.199
0.96
full model
24.15
0.81
0.193
0.97
Table 3: Ablation Studies on 3D point cloud, 3D tracking video and mask diffusion loss. The experimental results demonstrate that these techniques enhance the quality of hand–object interaction video generation, improve the accuracy of the synthesized interaction process, and accelerate convergence during training.
Generating realistic 3D hand-object interactions (HOI) is a fundamental challenge in computer vision and robotics, requiring both temporal coherence and high-fidelity physical plausibility. Existing methods remain limited in their ability to learn expressive motion representations for generation and perform temporal reasoning. In this paper, we present HO-Flow, a framework for synthesizing realistic hand-object motion sequences from texts and canoncial 3D objects. HO-Flow first employs an interaction-aware variational autoencoder to encode sequences of hand and object motions into a unified latent manifold by incorporating hand and object kinematics, enabling the representation to capture rich interaction dynamics. It then leverages a masked flow matching model that combines auto-regressive temporal reasoning with continuous latent generation, improving temporal coherence. To further enhance generalization, HO-Flow predicts object motions relative to the initial frame, enabling effective pre-training on large-scale synthetic data. Experiments on the GRAB, OakInk, and DexYCB benchmarks demonstrate that HO-Flow achieves state-of-the-art performance in both physical plausibility and motion diversity for interaction motion synthesis.
Synthesizing human--object interaction (HOI) videos has broad practical value in e-commerce, digital advertising, and virtual marketing. However, current diffusion models, despite their photorealistic rendering capability, still frequently fail on (i) the structural stability of sensitive regions such as hands and faces and (ii) physically plausible contact (e.g., avoiding hand--object interpenetration). We present CoInteract, an end-to-end framework for HOI video synthesis conditioned on a person reference image, a product reference image, text prompts, and speech audio. CoInteract introduces two complementary designs embedded into a Diffusion Transformer (DiT) backbone. First, we propose a Human-Aware Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) that routes tokens to lightweight, region-specialized experts via spatially supervised routing, improving fine-grained structural fidelity with minimal parameter overhead. Second, we propose Spatially-Structured Co-Generation, a dual-stream training paradigm that jointly models an RGB appearance stream and an auxiliary HOI structure stream to inject interaction geometry priors. During training, the HOI stream attends to RGB tokens and its supervision regularizes shared backbone weights; at inference, the HOI branch is removed for zero-overhead RGB generation. Experimental results demonstrate that CoInteract significantly outperforms existing methods in structural stability, logical consistency, and interaction realism.
Hand-object interaction (HOI) is a fundamental human behavior with broad applications in AR/VR, digital humans, and embodied interaction. Existing methods typically require predefined object geometry, object trajectories, or task-specific conditions, limiting their use with natural real-world inputs. To address this, we study a more practical problem of synthesizing 3D hand-object interaction sequences from a single RGB photograph and an open-vocabulary language instruction, and introduce PhotoHOI. PhotoHOI first uses a vision-language model to parse the input image and instruction into a structured task specification, including the interaction object, target region, and spatial relation. It then recovers a compact task-relevant 3D scene and plans a smooth collision-aware object trajectory based on the recovered object states, support relations, and surrounding scene geometry. To synthesize hand motion that generalizes to real-world photographs and unseen objects, it learns transferable task-conditioned contact and contact-conditioned grasp priors from large-scale affordance and HOI data. The grasp is further refined in a learned latent space, constraining the optimization to a plausible hand-pose manifold. Experiments on GRAB and H2O demonstrate improved contact quality and reduced penetration over representative baselines. Results on real-world photographs further demonstrate higher task success and scene consistency, together with generalization to unseen objects and open-vocabulary instructions.