Organizations: School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China · Shenzhen Research Institute of Southeast University, Shenzhen 518063, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China · Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
Local feature matching plays a critical role in understanding the correspondence between cross-view images. However, traditional methods are constrained by the inherent local nature of feature descriptors, limiting their ability to capture non-local scene information that is essential for accurate cross-view correspondence. In this paper, we introduce SceneGlue, a scene-aware feature matching framework designed to overcome these limitations. SceneGlue leverages a hybridizable matching paradigm that integrates implicit parallel attention and explicit cross-view visibility estimation. The parallel attention mechanism simultaneously exchanges information among local descriptors within and across images, enhancing the scene's global context. To further enrich the scene awareness, we propose the Visibility Transformer, which explicitly categorizes features into visible and invisible regions, providing an understanding of cross-view scene visibility. By combining explicit and implicit scene-level awareness, SceneGlue effectively compensates for the local descriptor constraints. Notably, SceneGlue is trained using only local feature matches, without requiring scene-level groundtruth annotations. This scene-aware approach not only improves accuracy and robustness but also enhances interpretability compared to traditional methods. Extensive experiments on applications such as homography estimation, pose estimation, image matching, and visual localization validate SceneGlue's superior performance. The source code is available at https://github.com/songlin-du/SceneGlue.
Figures & tables
Fig. 1: Graphical illustration of the intuition lying behind the proposed SceneGlue. The scene-level estimation of cross-view visibility would enable the local feature descriptors to overcome the limitation caused by their local nature.
Fig. 2: Graphical illustration of the proposed SceneGlue. The proposed scene-aware matching method consists of three parts, namely informative feature representation, parallel attention, and scene-aware matching. The informative feature representation first encodes the position by a Wave Position Encoder (Wave-PE) to obtain position-aware descriptors and then combines each local position-aware descriptor with a learnable scene descriptor. The feature descriptors are passed through the proposed parallel attention layers to implicitly achieve scene awareness. Finally, the leveraged features are utilized for scene-level cross-view visibility estimation and point-level feature matching simultaneously.
Fig. 3: Multi-scale Feature Detector. Features in 1,1/2,1/4,1/8 resolution are sampled and fused by lightweight linear layers. The Multi-scale feature network allows feature matching to be more robust to large-scale variation scenarios.
Fig. 4: Graphical illustration on the wave position encoder and the parallel attention . (a) The wave position encoder fuses the amplitude A estimated with the descriptor d and the phase θ estimated with the position p to generate position encoding. (b) Stacked parallel attention layers utilize self- and cross-attention to enhance the descriptors and find potential matches, where self- and cross-attention are adaptively integrated through a learnable network.
Fig. 5: Visibility Transformer. The Visibility Transformer is proposed for cross-view visible area estimation. It adopts a Transformer architecture to establish the relationship between multi-scale local descriptors and learnable scene descriptors before matching and assigns the multi-scale local descriptors to the commonly-visible area or commonly-invisible area through a Softmax classifier.
Matcher
Mean Matching Accuracy
@1px
@2px
@3px
@4px
@5px
@6px
@7px
@8px
@9px
@10px
Viewpoint change
SIFT+CAPS
0.32
0.50
0.60
0.68
0.74
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.83
0.84
D2Net
0.06
0.19
0.34
0.47
0.57
0.64
0.69
0.72
0.74
0.76
SuperPoint
0.25
0.49
0.61
0.67
0.70
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.75
SuperPoint+CAPS
0.27
0.54
0.68
0.74
0.78
0.80
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
R2D2
0.29
0.59
0.71
0.76
0.79
0.80
0.81
0.81
0.82
0.82
TABLE I: Image matching performance on the HPatches dataset. The best results are highlighted in bold.
Matcher
AUC (%)
Precision (%)
Recall (%)
F1-score (%)
NN
39.47
21.7
65.4
32.59
NN + mutual
42.45
43.8
56.5
49.35
NN + PointCN
43.02
76.2
64.2
69.69
NN + OANet
44.55
82.8
64.7
72.64
SuperGlue
51.94
86.2
98.0
91.72
LightGlue
51.75
88.7
98.1
93.16
TABLE II: Homography estimation on the R 1M dataset. AUC @10 pixels is reported. The best method is highlighted in bold .
Feature
Matcher
Pose estimation AUC (%)
@ 5∘
@ 10∘
@ 20∘
DINOv2
SuperGlue
31.5
40.8
45.3
SuperPoint
SuperGlue
42.2
59.0
73.6
SGMNet
40.5
59.0
73.6
DenseGAP
41.2
56.9
70.2
ClusterGNN
44.2
58.5
70.3
TABLE III: Outdoor position estimation on the MegaDepth dataset. AUCs of pose errors at the thresholds @5 ∘ , @10 ∘ , @20 ∘ are reported. The best method is highlighted in bold .
Fig. 6: Visualization of cross-view visibility estimation and feature matching results on (a) homography estimation and (b) outdoor pose estimation tasks. SceneGlue precisely estimates the visible regions in cross-view images and further results in more robust and accurate point-level matching for both homography estimation and outdoor pose estimation.
Matcher
Exact AUC (%)
Approx. AUC (%)
@5 ∘
@10 ∘
@20 ∘
@5 ∘
@10 ∘
@20 ∘
NN + mutual
16.94
30.39
45.72
35.00
43.12
54.25
NN + OANet
26.82
45.04
62.17
50.94
61.41
71.77
SuperGlue
28.45
48.6
67.19
55.67
66.83
74.58
LightGlue
32.34
52.98
70.85
60.58
71.20
78.37
SAM
31.45
52.27
70.31
60.65
70.95
78.03
TABLE IV: Pose estimation on YFCC100M dataset. The proposed method outperforms other methods at all thresholds.
Matcher
Pose estimation AUC (%)
@ 5∘
@ 10∘
@ 20∘
AdaLAM
6.72
15.82
27.37
OANet
10.04
25.09
38.01
SGMNet
13.06
28.94
46.32
SuperGlue
13.95
29.48
46.07
LightGlue
14.00
29.75
46.77
TABLE V: Indoor position estimation on the ScanNet dataset. The best method is highlighted in bold .
Matcher
(0.25, 10∘ ) / (0.5m, 10∘ ) / (1.0m, 10∘ )
DUC1
DUC2
SuperGlue
44.9 / 66.2 / 78.8
46.6 / 74.0 / 77.1
SGMNet
39.9 / 56.6 / 70.2
39.7 / 59.5 / 65.6
ResMatch
42.9 / 61.6 / 73.7
38.2 / 62.6 / 69.5
LightGlue
44.4 / 64.1 / 75.8
42.7 / 67.9 / 73.3
DiffGlue
46.5 / 67.2 / 78.3
49.6 / 71.8 / 76.3
TABLE VI: Indoor position estimation on the InLoc dataset. The best method is highlighted in bold .
Matcher
Day
Night
(0.25m,2∘)/(0.5m,5∘)/(5m,10∘)
v1.0
MNN
85.4 / 93.3 / 97.2
75.5 / 86.7 / 92.9
OANet
-
77.6 / 86.7 / 98.0
AdaLAM
-
78.6 / 86.7 / 98.0
SuperGlue
88.0 / 94.9 / 98.4
82.7 / 92.9 / 100.0
LightGlue
88.0 / 93.8 / 97.5
84.7 / 91.8 / 99.0
TABLE VII: Results (%) of outdoor visual localization on Aachen dataset . The best results are highlighted in bold.
Proposal
Precision (%)
Recall (%)
F1-score (%)
(i) Serial attention
86.2
98.0
91.72
(ii) Wave-PE
86.8
98.9
92.46
(iii) Parallel attention
88.8
98.8
93.50 ( +1.78 )
(iv) + Multi-scale feature network
91.0
99.0
94.89 ( +1.39 )
(v) + Visibility estimation (full)
93.2 ( +2.20 )
98.9
95.97 ( +1.08 )
TABLE VIII: Ablation study on each proposal of SceneGlue using the R 1M dataset. The best results are highlighted in bold.
α
0
0.5
1
2
4
8
10
Precision (%)
91.90
92.30
92.20
92.60
92.90
93.20
93.20
Recall (%)
98.40
98.70
98.80
98.90
98.90
98.90
98.90
F1-Score (%)
95.03
95.40
95.42
95.62
95.78
95.97
95.96
TABLE IX: Ablation study on the hyper-parameter α using the R 1M dataset. The best result is highlighted in bold.
Method
Precision (%)
Recall (%)
F1-score (%)
(i) MLP-PE (0.11M)
86.2
98.0
91.72
(ii) MLP-PE (1.42M)
86.6
98.5
92.17
(iii) Wave-PE (1.35M)
86.8
98.9
92.46
TABLE X: Ablation study on the number of parameters of the Wave-PE using the R 1M dataset. The best result is highlighted in bold.
Fig. 7: Failure cases.
Parameters
Precision (%)
Recall (%)
F1-score (%)
55K
93.0
98.7
95.76
111K
92.9
98.8
95.78
222K
93.2
98.9
95.97
444K
93.0
98.8
95.84
888K
92.9
98.9
95.83
TABLE XI: Ablation study on the number of parameters of the multi-scale feature network using the R 1M dataset. The best result is highlighted in bold.
Reliable correspondence estimation is a fundamental problem in image processing, underpinning applications such as Structure from Motion, visual localization, and image registration. Existing learning-based methods have significantly improved local feature representations, yet most still operate at the pixel or patch level and lack explicit modeling of regions that are jointly visible across views. We propose SAMatcher, a feature matching framework that formulates correspondence estimation through co-visibility modeling. Instead of directly matching local features, SAMatcher first predicts co-visible region masks and bounding boxes as structured priors for correspondence estimation. Built upon the Segment Anything Model (SAM), it introduces a symmetric cross-view interaction mechanism that enables bidirectional feature exchange and cross-view semantic alignment. We further develop a unified supervision scheme that jointly optimizes mask prediction and box localization through mask learning, box regression, and mask-box consistency constraints. Extensive experiments on challenging benchmarks demonstrate substantial improvements over existing matching pipelines, particularly under large viewpoint and scale variations. Our results show that foundation models originally designed for monocular segmentation can be effectively extended to multi-view correspondence reasoning through explicit co-visibility modeling, offering a new perspective on structured representation learning for image matching. Code and project page: https://xupan.top/Projects/samatcher
Xu Pan, Qiyuan Ma, Mingyue Dong +3
State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China · National Key Laboratory of Space Target Awareness, Space Engineering University, Beijing, P. R. China
Scaling has become a primary driver of progress in language and vision foundation models, yet its role in precise correspondence matching remains underexplored. In this work, we present Flow Any Scene Transformer (FAST), a scalable correspondence model driven by two key insights. First, we reveal that the query-key projections inside single-view vision foundation models encode a coarse yet reusable prior for cross-view matching. Second, reusing these pretrained projections in cross-attention form yields a highly effective initialization for a ViT-based matcher built from a single-view encoder. Guided by these insights, we build FAST upon a vanilla single-view foundation model, utilizing a zero-parameter rewiring strategy to convert selected self-attention layers into cross-attention for cross-view interaction. This design allows ViT-based matchers to scale with advances in single-view foundation models, bypassing the need for a dedicated pair-centric pretraining stage. To fully unlock the scaling potential of this formulation, we assemble a 6-million-pair training corpus for general-purpose dense 2D displacement estimation across diverse co-visible image pairs. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FAST achieves state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of benchmarks, while scaling favorably with both backbone size and training data.
Yongjian Zhang, Longguang Wang, Zhuo Song +3
School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, the Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China · Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
Classical image correspondence is solved at the level of sparse keypoints or dense pixels, but the systems that consume these matches - object-level mapping, topological navigation, scene-graph maintenance - reason about whole objects. Recent work narrows this gap by matchng directly at the level of instance segments: a class-agnostic segmenter partitions each image, and per-segment descriptors are obtained by pooling features from large 3D foundation models over the masks. We build on this segment-level matching paradigm and propose three learned matching heads: a LightGlue-style attention head with DoubleSoftmax scoring on frozen MASt3R descriptors; a DPT-style multi-scale fusion module that exposes layered spatial detail from the VGGT foundation model before pooling; and - as our main contribution - a multi-view extension that performs joint self-attention over segments drawn from several views at once, recovering transitive correspondences that strictly pairwise matchers cannot reach. Under a stratified zero-shot protocol on Replica and Virtual KITTI 2 with controlled viewpoint baselines from 0 deg to 180 deg, the LightGlue-style head improves over a parameter-free Sinkhorn matcher on the same MASt3R backbone by +4.85 AUPRC on Replica and +25.9 AUPRC on Virtual KITTI 2. Dropped into the RoboHop topological navigation pipeline on the Habitat-Matterport 3D (HM3D) Instance Image Navigation benchmark without retraining, our multi-view variant raises success rate from 50% to 70%, and our LightGlue-style head raises SPL from 45.7 to 59.1.
Denis Fatykhoph, Timur Akhtyamov, Konstantin Pakulev +2