Multimodalpersonalityunderstandingplaysacriticalroleinhuman centered artificial intelligence. Previous work mainly focus on learn-ing rich multimodal representations for video personality under standing. However, they often suffer from potential harm caused by subject bias (e.g., observable age and unobservable mental states), as subjects originate from diverse demographic backgrounds. Learn ing such spurious associations between multimodal features and traits may lead to unfair personality understanding. In this work, weconstruct aStructural Causal Model (SCM)toanalyze theimpact of these biases from a causal perspective, and propose a novel Dual Causal Adjustment Network (DCAN) to mitigate the interference of subject attributes on personality understanding. Specifically, we design a Back-door Adjustment Causal Learning (BACL) module to block spurious correlations from observable demographic factors via a prototype-based confounder dictionary, and subsequently ap ply a Front-door Adjustment Causal Learning (FACL) module to ad dress latent and unobservable biases throughalearnedmediatordic tionary intervention, thereby achieving causal disentanglement of representations for deconfounded reasoning. Importantly, we con struct a Demographic-annotated Multimodal Student Personality (DMSP) dataset to support the analysis and discussion of fairness related factors. Extensive experiments on the benchmark dataset CFI-V2 and our DMSPdataset demonstrate that DCAN consistently improves prediction accuracy, reaching 92.11% and 92.90%, respec tively. Meanwhile, the improvementsinthefairnessmetricsofequal opportunity and demographic parity are 6.57% and 7.97% on CFI-V2, and 15.38% and 20.06% on the DMSP dataset. Our code and DMSP dataset are available at https://github.com/Sabrina-han/DCAN
We treat the internals of generative models as mechanistic objects rather than black boxes. We introduce \textbf{Attribution Graphs} (AGs), which extend GradCAM++ to circuit-level representations, and \textbf{Causal Probing}, a do-calculus intervention method for identifying causal latent structures, enabling detection and correction of spurious correlations, demographic biases, and misaligned decision circuits during training. We further propose the \textbf{Cognitive Alignment Score (CAS)}, quantifying agreement between model-internal representations and human concepts, a \textbf{saliency-first privacy mechanism} sharing only thresholded attribution nodes, a bias-aware regularizer aligning subgroup statistics, and a Reveal-to-Revise loop integrating attribution signals into parameter updates without separate fine-tuning. Evaluated on CelebA, FairFace, Jigsaw, and HateXplain, our method achieves \textbf{94.1%} accuracy, \textbf{92.3%} macro F1, \textbf{79.4%} IoU-XAI, and \textbf{12.7} FID at 72--76% adversarial robustness, while reducing subgroup disparity Δbias by \textbf{41%}, demonstrating that mechanistic interpretability, fairness, and generative performance can be jointly optimized.
Multimodal affective computing aims to predict humans' sentiment, emotion, intention, and opinion using language, acoustic, and visual modalities. However, current models often learn spurious correlations that harm generalization under distribution shifts or noisy modalities. To address this, we propose a causal modality-invariant representation (CmIR) learning framework for robust multimodal learning. At its core, we introduce a theoretically grounded disentanglement method that separates each modality into causal invariant representation' and environment-specific spurious representation' from a causal inference perspective. CmIR ensures that the learned invariant representations retain stable predictive relationships with labels across different environments while preserving sufficient information from the raw inputs via invariance constraint, mutual information constraint, and reconstruction constraint. Experiments across multiple multimodal benchmarks demonstrate that CmIR achieves state-of-the-art performance. CmIR particularly excels on out-of-distribution data and noisy data, confirming its robustness and generalizability.
With the rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), models have demonstrated increasingly powerful multimodal capabilities. However, whether MLLMs trained through statistical learning can truly understand the causal relationships underlying the real world remains a key research question. In recent years, numerous multimodal causal reasoning datasets have been proposed. Nevertheless, these datasets are either limited in scale or constructed from synthetic images and videos, cartoon-based content, or other non-realistic multimodal sources. To address these limitations, we collect real-world videos and construct DMC-CF-Static, a large-scale benchmark for multimodal causal counterfactual reasoning. Furthermore, to mitigate issues such as data contamination in traditional static evaluation, we represent causal events using causal graphs and propose the Dynamic Graph Intervention (DGI) framework to build the dynamic evaluation benchmark DMC-CF-Dynamic from DMC-CF-Static. Experimental results on the overall DMC-CF, which includes both static and dynamic evaluation benchmarks, demonstrate that the multimodal causal reasoning capabilities of current multimodal large language models in real-world scenarios still require substantial improvement.