TinyFormer: Preserving Tiny Objects in YOLO-DETR Hybrid Real-time Detectors

Jun-Wei Hsieh; Meng-Yu Kao; Ghufron Wahyu Kurniawan; Kuan-Chuan Peng

cs.CVMay 24, 2026

TinyFormer: Preserving Tiny Objects in YOLO-DETR Hybrid Real-time Detectors

Authors: Jun-Wei Hsieh, Meng-Yu Kao, Ghufron Wahyu Kurniawan, Kuan-Chuan Peng

Organizations: College of Artificial Intelligence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan · 2Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories

Abstract

YOLO-series and DETR-based detectors struggle with tiny-object detection. YOLO-style models benefit from efficient dense prediction, but their large-stride backbones may suppress tiny instances in deep feature maps and make grid assignment ambiguous. DETR-based models remove hand-crafted post-processing through set prediction, yet they reason over coarse token grids, where tiny objects occupy only a few weak tokens and are easily overlooked during matching. To address these limitations, we propose TinyFormer, a unified YOLO--DETR hybrid real-time detector that combines ViT representations, NMS-free set prediction, and a YOLO-style pyramid neck for accurate small-object detection. TinyFormer introduces a Parallel Bi-fusion Module (PBM), which builds high-resolution shortcuts from shallow stages to the feature pyramid, preserving fine spatial details during multi-scale fusion. We further design a Spatial Semantic Adapter (SSA) to compensate for the spatial loss caused by coarse tokenization. SSA extracts high-resolution cues from early stages and injects them into transformer token embeddings, improving tiny-object localization without sacrificing the global modeling ability of DETR. Experiments on MS COCO show that TinyFormer consistently outperforms recent YOLO-series detectors and the strong DEIMv2 baseline. TinyFormer-X achieves 58.4% AP even without PBM, while adding PBM improves the overall AP to 58.5% and brings a 1.6% AP gain on small objects. With Objects365 pre-training, TinyFormer-X-PBM reaches 60.2% AP, surpassing RF-DETR and other Objects365-pretrained detectors with fewer parameters and lower computation. These results demonstrate that TinyFormer bridges dense YOLO-style feature fusion and DETR-style set prediction, providing a strong accuracy-efficiency trade-off for real-time tiny-object detection. Code is available at https://github.com/mmpmmpmmpjosh/TinyFormer.

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