cs.CLMay 26, 2026

SEEK: Semantic Evidence Extraction via Adaptive ChunKing for Multilingual Fact-Checking

Authors: Gaurav KumarBabu KumarAyush GargAditya KishoreJasabanta Patro

Organizations: Department of Data Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India

Abstract

Multilingual fact verification requires evidence that is both relevant and sufficiently complete for reliable factuality prediction. However, existing systems often rely on search snippets, sentence-level evidence, or locally segmented passages, which can miss decisive context and produce fragmented evidence. To overcome these limitations, we propose SEEK, a Semantic Evidence Extraction with an adaptive chunKing framework that constructs coherent evidence chunks from full fact-checking articles by identifying semantic topic transitions and preserving local verification context. The constructed chunks are encoded using a multilingual encoder and then multilingual LLMs are finetuned using LoRA adapter for veracity prediction. Experiments on X-FACT and RU22Fact show that SEEK improves macro-f1 by up to 10% over semantic chunking, 19% over sentence chunking, and 20% over search-snippet baselines. Evidence completeness and significance analyses further show that SEEK preserves richer verification context and enables more reliable multilingual fact-checking.

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