Generative Explainability for Next-Generation Networks: LLM-Augmented XAI with Mutual Feature Interactions
Organizations: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden · University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, 6928 Lugano, Switzerland · Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy · Tilburg University, 5037 AB, Tilburg, Netherlands.
Abstract
As artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) models become integral to network operations, their lack of transparency poses a significant barrier to operator trust. Existing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques often fail to bridge this gap for non-specialists, producing technical outputs that are difficult to translate into actionable insights. This paper presents a framework specifically designed to address this shortcoming. It leverages a moderately sized large language model (LLM) and extends beyond the standard use of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) feature influence values. The framework employs a structured prompt enriched with mutual feature interaction data to generate human-understandable natural language explanations. To validate our framework, we performed an empirical evaluation on an optical quality of transmission (QoT) estimation use case with human evaluators. We collected independent performance evaluations from specialists, which showed a high inter-evaluator agreement. Compared to a state-of-the-art baseline that uses only SHAP feature influence values in a straightforward prompt, our approach improves the explanation usefulness and scope by 12.2% and 6.2%, while achieving 97.5% correctness.