physics.soc-phAug 2, 2026

Temperature-driven inversion and nonlinear dynamics in ChatGPT-like AIs

Authors: Neil F. Johnson, Frank Yingjie Huo, Bella Xinrui Li

Organizations: Department of Physics, The George Washington University Washington, DC 20052, USA

Abstract

Increasing the temperature of an ordinary many-state system increases access to a wider range of states and hence increases its entropy. We find the opposite in ChatGPT-like AIs, even though raising the decoder temperature likewise increases access to a wider range of states (next-token choices). Across 12,000 continuations from 11 AIs, autoregressive feedback drives the long-time output population through an entropy maximum and into population inversion. The transition features frozen states, cycles, intermittency and noise-induced ordering. We present evidence of a hidden coordinate that acts as the state variable of an effective nonlinear map. Its trajectory average strongly predicts output repetition in separate test trajectories. ChatGPT-like AIs therefore behave not as `stochastic parrots', but as a new class of controllable nonlinear physical systems whose internal dynamics can be measured and perturbed.

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. Interaction Creates Dynamical AI Behavior Absent in Isolation

    Aug 7, 2026Bella Xinrui Li, Frank Yingjie Huo, Neil F JohnsonStatistical Mechanics