Structuring the Space of Perspectives

Humans often hold different perspectives on the same issues. In many NLP tasks, annotation disagreement can reflect valid subjective perspectives. Modeling annotator perspectives and understanding their relationship with other human factors, such as socio-demographic attributes, have received increasing attention. Prior work typically focuses on single demographic factors or limited combinations. However, in real-world settings, annotator perspectives are shaped by complex social contexts, and finer-grained socio-demographic attributes can better explain human perspectives. In this work, we propose Socio-Contrastive Learning, a method that jointly models annotator perspectives while learning socio-demographic representations. Our method provides an effective approach for the fusion of socio-demographic features and textual representations to predict annotator perspectives, outperforming standard concatenation-based methods. The learned representations further enable analysis and visualization of how demographic factors relate to variation in annotator perspectives. Our code is available at GitHub: https://github.com/Leixin-Zhang/Socio_Contrastive_Learning

Perspective API closes at the end of 2026, removing the de facto standard for toxicity measurement and exposing researchers' dependence on a tool they did not control. Drawing on this case, we argue that a research field must build and govern its own measurement infrastructure rather than borrow it. Surveying 241 papers that use or study Perspective, we show what depending on it cost the research community: claims reaching past what the tool could support, results that shifted when its model was silently retrained, and disparities researchers could measure but not explain. These failures were amplified throughout the LLM lifecycle, where Perspective supplied the labels, filtered the corpora, and graded the systems trained on each, rewarding errors rather than catching them. To keep the instrument open to study after shutdown, we release Perspective scores for 5.9 million text snippets from 77 datasets. We further specify ten requirements for measurement infrastructure a field owns, and argue that what blocks such infrastructure is not technical capability but the value the field places on infrastructure work.

We present TruthSplit, an interactive system for multi-perspective argument analysis. Existing argumentation tools typically analyze properties of the argument itself, such as structure, quality, stance, or persuasiveness, while leaving perspective-specific background knowledge implicit. TruthSplit addresses this gap by supporting an exploratory analysis of how the same claim can lead to different conclusions when interpreted through worldview-specific values, assumptions, and conceptual definitions. We refer to this perspective-dependent analysis as conditional validity. Given an input argumentative text, TruthSplit extracts claims and premises, applies a three-layer natural language inference (NLI) approach to assess both logical and worldview-specific normative consistency, and conditions large language model (LLM) reasoning on structured worldview profiles that encode core values and decision principles. The system then generates perspective-specific interpretations, identifies value conflicts and assumption gaps, and visualizes divergence through interactive analytical interfaces.