Toxicity

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  1. In-game Toxic Detection: Bi-directional Representations with Attention Residuals

    Sep 28, 2026Yuanzhe JiaToxicity

    University of Sydney, Australia

  2. SMILESGNN: Interpretable Clinical Toxicity Prediction via SMILES-Graph Cross-Attention Fusion

    Sep 23, 2026Quang Minh Nguyen, Thuy Quynh Nguyen, Duc Minh Le +3Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And ExcretionToxicity

    National Economics University Hanoi, Vietnam · VNU University of Science Hanoi, Vietnam

  3. Harm Laundering in GPT Models: Evidence That Gender Discrimination Is Transformed Rather Than Reduced Across Safety-Trained Generations

    Sep 17, 2026Sarah Wyer, Sue Black, Noura Al MoubayedToxicityLarge Language Model Safety

    Durham University

  4. Analysis of Prompt Engineering for Drug Toxicity Prediction

    Sep 3, 2026Mia MacGregor, Aakash Welgamage Don, Mark BartlettAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And ExcretionAutomatic Prompt Optimization

    School of Computing, Engineering & Technology, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK. · School of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences & Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.

  5. ToxLens: A Reproducible Graph-Learning Framework for Leakage-Aware, Uncertainty-Calibrated Molecular Toxicity Prediction

    Aug 31, 2026Magnus H. Strømme, Alex G. C. de Sá, David B. AscherAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And ExcretionToxicity

    The Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia · Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia

  6. ConVAWG: A Retrieval-Grounded Framework for Controlled Synthetic Dialogue Generation in Violence Against Women and Girls

    Aug 11, 2026Chen Lyu, Xingwei Tan, Simon Cullen +4Conversational DatasetsChild Sexual Abuse Material

    University of Warwick, UK · University of Sheffield, UK · Forensic Capability Network, UK +1

  7. A Blind Spot in Alignment: Quantifying Biosecurity Risks in Large Language Models

    Aug 3, 2026Shu Quan, Tianfang Hao, Sitong Fang +8Large Language Model SafetyToxicity

    Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence

  8. ToxScreen: Detecting Whether an LLM Has Been Poisoned

    Jul 29, 2026Anthony Hughes, Nicole Xing, Collin Francel +2Fewer Surprising BackdoorsToxicity

    University of Sheffield · Yale University · University of Alabama +2

  9. Harm is not Universal: Community-Specific Toxicity Detection is Urgently Needed

    Jul 27, 2026Xinnuo Xu, Anja Thieme, Daniela Massiceti +6ToxicityAdversarial Prompts

    Microsoft Research Cambridge, UK · Microsoft Paris, France

  10. A Scale-adaptive Vision Model Links C. elegans Neuronal Morphology to Behavior for Neurotoxicity Assessment

    Jul 25, 2026Haochao Ying, Shenchong Lv, Yutao Sun +8MorphogenesisNeurons

    School of Public Health and Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. · State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices and TIDRI, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China. · Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. +5

  11. Beyond a Global Norm: Personalizing Toxicity Sensitivity in Language Models Without Retraining

    Jul 25, 2026Rares A. C. Diaconescu, Iulia Slanina, Alina Florea +5ToxicityHarmful Language

    Delft University of Technology

  12. Analyzing Toxic Behavior and Its Impact on the Mastodon Community

    Jul 24, 2026Pasan Kamburugamuwa, Scrivner, Olga BToxicityContent Moderation

    Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering Indiana University Bloomington

  13. Conditional Reliability of Toxicity Signals for Multilingual and Code-Mixed Abuse Detection

    Jul 17, 2026Indraveni Chebolu, Rohan Singh, Arnab Mallick +1ToxicityContent Moderation

    Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Hyderabad, India

  14. Safe Alone, Unsafe Together: Safeguarding Against Implicit Toxicity When Benign Images Combine

    Jul 1, 2026Jiaxian Lv, Shiyao Cui, Yingkang Wang +3Content ModerationToxicity

    The Conversational AI (CoAI) Group, DCST, Tsinghua University

  15. DriftGuard: Safety-Aware Multi-Monitor Detection and Selective Adaptation for Evolving Toxicity Moderation

    Jun 27, 2026Yuting Xin, Hanyu Cai, Binqi Shen +2ToxicityContent Moderation

    Department of Information and Decision Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis, USA · Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Northwestern University Evanston, USA · Fuqua School of Business Duke University Durham, USA +1

  16. ToxiREX: A Dataset on Toxic REasoning in ConteXt

    Jun 26, 2026Stefan F. Schouten, Ilia Markov, Piek VossenHarmful LanguageToxicity

    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands

  17. A Survey of Toxicity Detection and Mitigation Strategies for Multilingual Language Models

    Jun 24, 2026Soham Dan, Himanshu Beniwal, Thomas HartvigsenMultilingual SafetyLarge Language Model Safety

    Scale AI · Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar · University of Virginia

  18. Distributed Quality-Diversity Search for Toxicity in Large Language Models

    Jun 23, 2026Onkar Shelar, Travis DesellToxicityLarge Language Model Safety

    Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY 14623, USA

  19. OTTER: A Red-Teaming System for Toxicity-Evading Jailbreak Prompt Optimization

    Jun 19, 2026Jerry Wang, Hsin-Ling Hsu, Yi-Cheng Lai +2ToxicityRed-Teaming

    1National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan

  20. The Tone of Awareness: Topic, Sentiment, and Toxicity Maps During Mental Health Month on TikTok

    Jun 11, 2026Henrique Ferraz de Arruda, Andreia Sofia Teixeira, Pranay Gundala Reddy +3Mental HealthToxicity

    Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain · ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain · BRAN Lab, Network Science Institute, Northeastern University London, London, UK +5

  21. Unsupervised Pattern Analysis in Japanese Veterinary Toxicology: A Regulatory-Compliant Framework for Cross-Species Risk Assessment

    Jun 4, 2026Yukiko Kawakami, Mohammad Shirazi, Ryo Shimizuwa +3Drug-Drug InteractionsToxicity

    Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan · Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran · Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan

  22. TriEval: A Resource-Efficient Pipeline for LLM Bias, Toxicity, and Truthfulness Assessment

    Jun 2, 2026Akshatha Srikantha, Manpreet Singh, Yash Jajoo +1Large Language Model EvaluationLarge Language Model Bias

    University of California, Irvine, CA, USA · Boston University, Boston, MA, USA · New York University, New York City, NY, USA +1

  23. Where Does Toxicity Live? Mechanistic Localization and Targeted Suppression in Language Models

    May 27, 2026Himanshu Beniwal, Mayank SinghToxicityLarge Language Model Safety

    Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar

  24. Model Unlearning Objectives Vary for Distinct Language Functions

    May 26, 2026Berk Atil, Vipul Gupta, Rebecca J. PassonneauLarge Language Model UnlearningLarge Language Model Safety

    Pennsylvania State University · Scale AI

  25. What Molecular Structure Cannot Tell Us: A Taxonomy of Explainability Gaps in GNN-Based Drug Toxicity Prediction

    May 25, 2026Juergen DietrichAbsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And ExcretionMolecules

  26. LipoAgent: Coordinating Fine-Tuned LLM Agents for Safer Lipid Design

    May 24, 2026Leshu Li, An Lu, Haiyu Wang +5ToxicityLarge Language Model Agents

    New York University, USA · University of Illinois Chicago, USA

  27. Harder to Defend: Towards Chinese Toxicity Attacks via Implicit Enhancement and Obfuscation Rewriting

    May 21, 2026Jingyi Kang, Junyu Lu, Bo Xu +4ToxicityLarge Language Model Evaluation

    1Dalian University of Technology · 2The University of Tokyo · 3Singapore University of Technology and Design

  28. Toxicity in Twitch Chats: An LLM-Based Analysis Across Gaming Communities

    May 18, 2026Ronja Fuchs, Florian Rupp, Timo Bertram +2Toxicity

    Institute for Information Processing Leibniz University Hannover Hannover, Germany · Department of Computer Science Technische Hochschule Mannheim Mannheim, Germany · Institute for Machine Learning Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria +1

  29. State Contamination in Memory-Augmented LLM Agents

    May 16, 2026Yian Wang, Agam Goyal, Yuen Chen +1Large Language Model AgentsHarmful Language

    Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  30. Measuring and Mitigating Toxicity in Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Replication Study

    May 13, 2026Mokshit Surana, Archit Rathod, Akshaj SatishkumarLarge Language Model SafetyToxicity

    University of Illinois Chicago

  31. Fair and Calibrated Toxicity Detection with Robust Training and Abstention

    May 13, 2026Mokshit SuranaToxicityAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Illinois Chicago

  32. MolDeTox: Evaluating Language Model's Stepwise Fragment Editing for Molecular Detoxification

    May 12, 2026Jueon Park, Wonjune Jang, Jiwoo Lee +2ToxicityDetoxification

    Korea University · Myongji University · AIGEN Sciences

  33. Qwen-Scope: Turning Sparse Features into Development Tools for Large Language Models

    May 12, 2026Boyi Deng, Xu Wang, Yaoning Wang +15Mechanistic InterpretabilityModel Activations

    Qwen Team

  34. Beyond Red-Teaming: Formal Guarantees of LLM Guardrail Classifiers

    May 11, 2026Nikita Kezins, Urbas Ekka, Pascal Berrang +1Large Language Model SafetyToxicity

    Delft University of Technology · University of Birmingham & Zeroth Research

  35. Navigating the Sea of LLM Evaluation: Investigating Bias in Toxicity Benchmarks

    May 11, 2026Regina Gugg, Selina Niederländer, Andreas Stöckl +1Large Language Model EvaluationToxicity

    Dynatrace Research, Linz, Austria · University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria

  36. Automated Detection of Abnormalities in Zebrafish Development

    May 11, 2026Sarath Sivaprasad, Hui-Po Wang, Anna-Lisa Jäckel +4MorphogenesisMicroscopy

    CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbrücken, Germany · Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany

  37. PSK@EEUCA 2026: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models with Synthetic Data Augmentation for Multi-Class Toxicity Detection in Gaming Chat

    May 8, 2026Srikar Kashyap PulipakaToxicityHarmful Language

    Independent Researcher

  38. An explainable hypothesis-driven approach to Drug-Induced Liver Injury with HADES

    May 4, 2026Maciej Wisniewski, Bartosz Topolski, Pawel Dabrowski-Tumanski +2Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And ExcretionCholangiocarcinoma

    Ingenix.ai, Warsaw, Poland · Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland · Laboratory of Functional and Structural Genomics, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

  39. Bye Bye Perspective API: Lessons for Building and Governing Measurement Infrastructure

    Apr 28, 2026David Hartmann, Manuel Tonneau, Angelie Kraft +7Large Language Model EvaluationToxicity

    Weizenbaum Institute · TU Berlin · University of Oxford +9

  40. Detoxification for LLM: From Dataset Itself

    Apr 21, 2026Wei Shao, Yihang Wang, Gaoyu Zhu +4DetoxificationToxicity

    State Key Laboratory of AI Safety · Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

  41. Reverse Constitutional AI: A Framework for Controllable Toxic Data Generation via Probability-Clamped RLAIF

    Apr 20, 2026Yuan Fang, Yiming Luo, Aimin Zhou +1Adversarial PromptsToxicity

    East China Normal University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Innovation Institute, Shanghai, China

  42. CausalDetox: Causal Head Selection and Intervention for Language Model Detoxification

    Apr 16, 2026Yian Wang, Yuen Chen, Agam Goyal +1DetoxificationHarmful Language

    Department of Computer Science University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL 61801

  43. Learning Diagnostic Reasoning for Decision Support in Toxicology

    Mar 31, 2026Nico Oberländer, David Bani-Harouni, Tobias Zellner +3LLM Reasoning StrategiesToxicity

    Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Germany · Department of Clinical Toxicology and Poison Control Center Munich, TUM Klinikum rechts der Isar, Germany

  44. Toxicity Assessment in Preclinical Histopathology via Class-Aware Mahalanobis Distance for Known and Novel Anomalies

    Feb 2, 2026Olga Graf, Dhrupal Patel, Peter Groß +3Digital PathologyFalse-Negative Rate

    Tübingen AI Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany · Toxicologic Pathologist, Gujarat, India · Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co., Biberach an der Riß, Germany +1

  45. Test-Time Detoxification without Training or Learning Anything

    Jan 14, 2026Baturay Saglam, Dionysis KalogeriasToxicityDetoxification

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT.

  46. SGM: Safety Glasses for Multimodal Large Language Models via Neuron-Level Detoxification

    Dec 17, 2025Hongbo Wang, AprilPyone MaungMaung, Isao EchizenToxicityLarge Language Model Safety

    1Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan · 2Information and Society Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Japan · 3The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Japan

  47. Towards Inclusive Toxic Content Moderation: Addressing Vulnerabilities to Adversarial Attacks in Toxicity Classifiers Tackling LLM-generated Content

    Sep 16, 2025Shaz Furniturewala, Arkaitz ZubiagaToxicityContent Moderation

    Center for Data Science, New York University · Queen Mary University of London

  48. ToxSyn-PT: A Synthetic Fine-Grained Dataset of Minority-Targeted Toxic Language in Portuguese

    Jun 11, 2025Iago Alves Brito, Julia Soares Dollis, Fernanda Bufon Farber +2Hate Speech DetectionNatural Language Datasets

    Advanced Knowledge Center for Immersive Technologies (AKCIT) · Federal University of Goiás

  49. Learning diverse attacks on large language models for robust red-teaming and safety tuning

    May 28, 2024Seanie Lee, Minsu Kim, Lynn Cherif +8Attacker Large Language ModelRed-Teaming

    KAIST · Mila – Québec AI Institute · Université de Montréal +3