InstructMesh: Selective Refinement of Generative 3D Models for Fabrication
Organizations: MIT CSAIL Cambridge, MA, USA · Google Sunnyvale, CA, USA · Google Munich, Germany · University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ·
Abstract
Recent advances in generative AI allow users to create 3D models from text or images. However, these models prioritize visual plausibility over geometric accuracy, often generating results with flaws that compromise their intended use post-fabrication. We present InstructMesh, an interactive post-generation refinement tool that enables selective repair of generative 3D models through region selection and targeted operations, such as opening or sealing voids, or adjusting local thickness. Users can invoke edit operations via natural language prompts or slider controls. By operating directly on the intermediate latent representation, InstructMesh allows users to apply robust geometric corrections without requiring expert modeling skills. To inform our design, we first analyze common fabrication-related failure modes in outputs from state-of-the-art generative tools. We then conduct two user studies, demonstrating that novices can identify and perform fabrication-relevant repairs on generative outputs using InstructMesh, and revealing user preference for hybrid interfaces that combine slider controls with natural language input.
Figures & tables
| Flaw Category | Description | Models Affected |
|---|---|---|
| Missing Openings | Absence of essential through-holes, ventilation gaps, volumes to contain liquids or support airflow. | 48.6% |
| Fused Joints | Components meant to rotate or articulate (e.g., hinges, pivots, ball joints, axles) are fused, preventing intended motion. | 13.5% |
| Broken or Missing Bridges | Crucial geometric connections between parts are missing, leaving the structure fragmented or unsupported. | 10.8% |
| Extraneous Artifacts | Unintended bumps, extensions, or disconnected mesh elements. | 65.8% |
| Fused / Duplicated Features | Features are erroneously duplicated, stacked, or fused together, often due to generative ambiguity. | 27% |
| Hollowing Errors | Solid elements are mistakenly hollowed or vice versa. | 36.9% |
3D Shape Editing
3D shape editing changes the geometry, appearance, or parts of digital objects using spatial controls, prompts, images, or generative models.
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