cs.LGSep 1, 2026

The Constitutional Coverage Trilemma in AI Governance

Authors: Natalija MiticSoona Sedahmed A. O.Mamadou Selly LyMoustapha Cisse

Organizations: Kera Health Platforms

Abstract

Frontier AI systems function as \emph{constitutional institutions}: each deployed model encodes an implicit ranking among safety, helpfulness, honesty, autonomy, and equity. We ask whether the supply of frontier constitutional types covers human demand. Combining a paraphrase-controlled audit of the as-shipped default constitutions of 2323 frontier LLM archetypes with a pairwise-tradeoff study of 1,6491{,}649 US participants on the same instrument, we report three facts. \emph{Demand is broad}: it spans all five values, with the largest constituency under one-third. \emph{Supply is narrow and drifting}: the 2323-archetype hull occupies 2%{\sim}2\% of the demand hull under conservative noise-matched estimation (0.10%0.10\% at full audit precision), no archetype puts helpfulness or autonomy first (37%37\% of users are constitutionally homeless), and across six model families autonomy decreases in 5/65/6, equity increases in 5/65/6, and safety increases in 4/64/6, with monotone within-family version trends (order-permutation p=0.013p = 0.013) and the autonomy decline concentrated in scenarios where safety is not at stake. The drift's importance is directional: \emph{away} from a value already undercovered, mechanically worsening the welfare floor for the least-served users. \emph{The fix is sparse}: a 22-vertex menu {eHON,eAUT}\{e_{\mathrm{HON}}, e_{\mathrm{AUT}}\} beats the full 2323-archetype frontier by 47%47\% on mean regret (CI [43%,52%][43\%, 52\%]); three vertex additions cut mean/worst-group regret by up to 81%81\%/64%64\%. We formalize these findings as a budgeted-pluralism trilemma, show the binding regime is empirically realized, and verify the conclusions are robust to distance-based welfare and to degraded routing. The instrument and audit harness are described in full in the appendices.

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