Existing approaches to visual attribute value extraction (AVE) primarily rely on static product images, failing to capture temporal cues, multi-angle views and fine-grained visual details. Directly applying video vision-language models (VLMs) to product AVE results in limited performance due to the lack of domain knowledge, and fine-tuning them requires extensive high-quality data and substantial computational resources. Thus, we propose visual search augmented chain-of-thought reasoning (ViS-CoT), a training-free, plug-and-play pipeline that can be easily applied to any open-source video VLM for video-to-text AVE in e-Commerce. Specifically, ViS-CoT employs visual clustering to identify representative frames, followed by visual search to retrieve semantically similar product knowledge that can enrich attribute cues. Next, an interleaved CoT reasoning module iteratively refines reasoning through visually-aligned auxiliary texts derived from captioning and automatic speech recognition. Finally, the integrated information guides the model toward accurate and fine-grained attribute predictions. Extensive experiments across 14 product categories on the VideoAVE dataset show that ViS-CoT consistently enhances multiple state-of-the-art video VLMs, achieving an average improvement of 17.91 percentage points in micro-F1.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Comparison of product attribute value generation from multi-images vs. from videos.
Figure 2: The framework of ViS-CoT, which includes four stages. In stage (a), key frames are extracted from the raw product video through filtering and clustering. In stages (b) and (c), video and the key frames are processed to generate four types of textual information: (i) similar product information via visual search, (ii) image captions, (iii) refined transcripts from ASR, and (iv) interleaved CoT reasoning. In stage (d), all auxiliary textual information from stages (b) and (c) are integrated with the key frames to produce the final answer.
Model
Appl.
Arts
Auto
Baby
Beauty
Clothes
Groc.
Indus.
Music
Patio
Pet
Phones
Sports
Toys
Gains
Attribute-Conditioned Setting
VideoLLaVA
15.96
11.68
13.26
12.53
10.97
19.73
10.16
14.04
15.16
12.93
15.09
13.02
14.56
15.26
-
VideoLLaVA + ViS-CoT
29.27
23.58
21.30
33.97
25.54
42.31
31.84
29.56
32.42
28.97
23.17
25.16
29.64
29.93
↑15.17
VideoLLaMA3
33.33
28.72
29.22
33.44
29.20
35.93
25.97
31.35
31.84
29.56
29.49
30.34
31.89
33.10
-
VideoLLaMA3 + ViS-CoT
41.80
33.62
36.22
48.19
40.98
55.11
44.25
37.19
42.16
42.66
41.92
35.63
36.06
37.94
↑10.03
InternVideo2.5
39.22
31.67
32.22
35.22
32.01
34.93
26.87
35.24
37.46
32.18
30.82
35.17
33.61
33.94
-
Table 1: Category-level fuzzy F1 (%) under the attribute-conditioned and generalized settings. Best results are highlighted in bold, and models with a light blue background denote the base model augmented with the ViS-CoT.
Model
Brand
Color
Material
Country of Origin
Item Form
Power Source
Shape
Suggested Users
Pattern
Finish Type
VideoLLaVA
6.49
19.62
15.12
15.61
13.02
2.31
22.89
2.28
21.85
10.68
VideoLLaVA + ViS-CoT
28.67 ↑22.18
22.44 ↑2.82
31.02 ↑15.90
21.34 ↑5.73
33.19 ↑20.17
41.64 ↑39.33
31.31 ↑8.42
42.55 ↑40.27
29.38 ↑7.53
16.65 ↑5.97
VideoLLaMA3
43.27
32.76
28.34
29.68
19.82
8.82
34.70
1.68
27.64
14.52
VideoLLaMA3 + ViS-CoT
34.90 ↓8.37
28.84 ↓3.92
37.08 ↑8.74
47.06 ↑17.38
44.03 ↑24.21
58.83 ↑50.01
56.45 ↑21.75
45.57 ↑43.89
56.25 ↑28.61
32.42 ↑17.90
InternVideo2.5
42.41
34.95
28.37
43.78
19.45
8.03
29.95
1.58
44.13
17.47
InternVideo2.5 + ViS-CoT
42.12 ↓0.29
39.71 ↑4.76
51.33 ↑22.96
75.21 ↑31.43
47.90 ↑28.45
70.69 ↑62.66
63.08 ↑33.13
80.21 ↑78.63
68.94 ↑24.81
40.02 ↑22.55
Table 2: Attribute-level fuzzy F1 (%) results. Top 10 frequent attributes are reported. Best results are highlighted in bold, and models with a light green background denote the base model augmented with the plug-and-play ViS-CoT.
Figure 3: Performance comparison (micro-F1%) of frames with random sampling, key frame clustering, visual search augmentation, CoT reasoning, ViS-CoT with search-enhanced interleaved CoT, and a full-size finetuned base model using training data.
Figure 4: Case study on a Cocoon organizer sleeve. Top: product video key frames. black border: original extracted frames; blue border: clustered/selected key frames. Left panel (Baseline): uniformly sampled video frames, without key-frame selection. Right panel (ViS-CoT): (1) clustered & cleaned key frames, (2) visual caption from the selected frames, (3) ASR transcript (speaker mentions brand, functions, and details), (4) visual-search neighbors providing attribute priors; Fusing (1)–(4) corrects Material → Nylon and Pattern → Solid; Closure remains biased to Zipper (gold: Magnetic).
Figure 5: Performance with different number of top- k in visual search when using Qwen2.5-VL-7B as the base.
Figure 6: Performance with different cluster number m in visual clustering on four categories of VideoAVE.
Appendix figures & tables7 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
Component
Latency (s)
%
Keyframe clustering (subtotal)
2.40
48.1
SigLIP embedding
2.24
(44.9)
K-means
0.16
(3.2)
Visual search (FAISS)
0.11
2.2
CoT Stage 1 (vision hypothesis)
0.97
19.4
CoT Stage 2 (grounded extraction)
1.51
30.3
Appendix
Table 3: Inference latency breakdown of ViS-CoT on a representative toy product. Indented gray rows break down the keyframe-clustering subtotal. Keyframe clustering is a one-time preprocessing step per video. Excluding it, per-query inference requires only 2.59 s vs. 1.31 s for the baseline.
Condition
F1 (%)
Δ F1
s/product
F1 eff.
C0 Baseline
33.4
—
1.6
—
C1 +Visual Search
48.3
+14.9
2.8
12.3 pp/s
C2 +CoT (w/o VS)
33.5
+0.1
3.2
0.1 pp/s
C3 Full ViS-CoT
58.5
+25.1
3.3
14.3 pp/s
Appendix
Table 4: Per-condition inference time vs. F1 gain. F1 efficiency = Δ F1 per additional second over C0. Full ViS-CoT delivers the best return on compute: each added second yields 14.3 pp of F1 improvement.
Category
C0
C1 (+VS)
C2 (+CoT)
Full
Arts
31.6
43.1 ↑11.5
31.7 ↑0.1
49.1 ↑17.5
Baby
37.6
57.2 ↑19.6
39.6 ↑2.0
63.6 ↑26.0
Clothing
32.4
47.3 ↑14.9
33.3 ↑0.9
67.9 ↑35.5
Grocery
31.0
47.9 ↑16.9
31.8 ↑0.8
56.5 ↑25.5
Patio
33.1
50.0 ↑16.9
32.3 ↓0.8
61.3 ↑28.2
Pet
30.9
40.2 ↑9.3
28.6 ↓2.3
53.0 ↑22.1
Appendix
Table 5: Component ablation (micro-F1%, ↑ / ↓ vs. C0). C0: base VLM with images and attributes only; C1: C0 + Visual Search (RAG); C2: C0 + interleaved CoT only, no retrieval; Full (C3): complete ViS-CoT. Subscripts show absolute change from C0.
Category
Full
w/o Cap.
w/o Trans.
w/o RAG
Arts
49.1
39.5 ↓9.6
39.4 ↓9.7
37.9 ↓11.2
Baby
63.6
57.5 ↓6.1
58.0 ↓5.6
54.5 ↓9.1
Clothing
67.9
61.7 ↓6.2
61.4 ↓6.5
59.8 ↓8.1
Grocery
56.5
48.1 ↓8.4
49.2 ↓7.3
46.3 ↓10.2
Patio
61.3
54.4 ↓6.9
54.4 ↓6.9
51.8 ↓9.5
Pet
53.0
47.8 ↓5.2
48.0 ↓5.0
46.5 ↓6.5
Appendix
Table 6: Modality knock-out ablation (micro-F1%, ↓ drop from Full). Cap.=visual captions; Trans.=ASR transcripts; RAG=visual search. All three modalities are necessary; removing any one degrades performance across all categories.
Condition
Avg F1
vs. C1
C0 Baseline
33.4
−14.9
C1 +Visual Search
48.3
—
Single-pass
46.5
−1.8
Full ViS-CoT
58.5
+10.2
Appendix
Table 7: Single-pass vs. interleaved reasoning (micro-F1%, average over seven categories). C0: images only; C1: retrieval → direct extract; Single-pass: retrieval + captions + ASR in one flat prompt (no Stage-1); Full ViS-CoT: same evidence, staged design. Adding all auxiliary evidence in one prompt actually underperforms visual search alone by 1.8 pp, while the staged design improves over C1 by +10.2 pp.
Metric
Full set
Clean subset
Δ
C0 baseline (F1%, raw)
28.0
26.4
−1.6
C1 Visual Search gain
+14.9 pp
+13.3 pp
−1.6 pp
Appendix
Table 8: Visual search performance on the full evaluation set vs. the clean subset (test products whose product_id does not appear in training). The +13.3 pp clean-subset gain is only 1.6 pp ( ≈ 11% relative) below the +14.9 pp full-set gain, confirming that the improvement is not driven by near-duplicate label leakage.
Category
GPT-4.1
Qwen2.5-7B
Arts
49.1
49.3 ↑0.2
Baby
63.6
63.0 ↓0.6
Clothing
67.9
67.7 ↓0.2
Grocery
56.5
55.8 ↓0.7
Patio
61.3
61.2 ↓0.1
Pet
53.0
53.1 ↑0.1
Appendix
Table 9: End-to-end ViS-CoT micro-F1 (%) with GPT-4.1 vs. open-source Qwen2.5-7B for transcript summarization and Adef generation. Subscripts show change vs. GPT-4.1. The −0.2 pp average gap confirms that ViS-CoT’s gains do not depend on proprietary APIs.
Customers rely on specific product attributes to compare products and make purchasing decisions, but e-commerce catalogs are messy and unstructured, making it difficult to identify which attributes matter most and extract them at scale. Standard Attribute Value Extraction (AVE) systems treat all attributes equally, producing large, inconsistent attribute sets that do not reflect the factors consumers use to differentiate products. We introduce a two-stage LLM pipeline that first discovers a compact, ranked schema of purchase-discriminative attributes for each product category, then extracts their values from catalog text using a fine-tuned compact LLM (Qwen3-4B) with Hyper-Parallel Decoding (HPD). This pipeline achieves 85% extraction accuracy, on par with the foundational LLM it was distilled from, while reducing inference costs by 92% over foundational LLMs, enabling production-scale use for product discovery and catalog enrichment. The resulting category-level structured representations effectively constitute automatically constructed product knowledge bases, providing consistent, comparable attributes across varied product categories that can ground downstream knowledge-intensive applications.
E-commerce videos are information-dense and frequently compared by consumers evaluating products and merchants assessing marketing strategies. However, existing multimodal models mainly focus on single-video understanding and have limited ability to compare information across videos. We introduce AdsCVR, the first e-commerce cross-video reasoning benchmark, containing 2,483 videos and 6,110 question-answer pairs across six reasoning dimensions. Cross- video reasoning requires models to locate fine-grained evidence among many redundant frames and integrate visual details, speech, and on-screen text. We therefore propose AdSeek, an agentic framework that dynamically selects visual and audio tools during multi-turn exploration, replacing static uniform sampling with active evidence acquisition. To address the sparse credit assignment of reinforcement learning, we develop an offline trajectory rectification mechanism that identifies reasoning errors and missing multimodal evidence in RL-generated trajectories. The corrected trajectories provide supervised fine-tuning signals that reduce biases learned during RL. This mechanism supports a rectified bootstrapping pipeline in which initial RL exposes reasoning bottlenecks, supervised fine-tuning corrects them, and a final RL stage further improves the policy. AdSeek achieves 74.30 percent accuracy on the AdsCVR test split, outperforming its Qwen3-VL-8B-Instruct backbone by 27.90 percentage points. It also generalizes to the open- domain CrossVid benchmark, demonstrating effective active evidence gathering.
Vision-Language Models (VLMs) typically rely on static initial frames for video reasoning, restricting their ability to incorporate essential dynamic information as the reasoning process evolves. Existing methods that augment Chain-of-Thought (CoT) with additional frame information often exhibit suboptimal CoT quality and lack the crucial ability to synthesize visual information for hypothetical or counterfactual scenarios. We introduce Act-to-See (Act2See), a novel framework that enables active visual perception by empowering VLMs to actively interleave video frames within text CoTs. Act2See is developed via Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) on a high-quality dataset of reasoning traces generated by a frontier VLM. These traces integrate active calls to either retrieve existing frames or generate new ones, and are rigorously verified against human-annotated CoTs to ensure quality. This approach cultivates an emergent capability: at inference time, the model actively determines when to search for or synthesize the necessary visual evidence. Act2See establishes new state-of-the-art results on challenging benchmarks, including VideoEspresso and ViTIB, and outperforms comparable or larger models on Video-MME, EgoNormia, and VCR-Bench, demonstrating an advancement in enabling VLMs with active visual perception for video reasoning.