EffGS: Efficient and High-Fidelity Gaussian Splatting

3D Gaussian Splatting achieves exceptional real-time rendering, but its substantial computational and storage demands hinder widespread deployment. Existing accelerated paradigms often aggressively prune primitives for rapid convergence, causing severe loss of high-frequency details. To address this, we tackle the fundamental problem of achieving both exceptional rendering quality and ultra-fast reconstruction speed. In this paper, we propose ACE-GS, a progressive optimization framework tailored for accurate, compressed, and efficient scene representation. We realize that precise primitive management is the key to breaking this trade-off. Therefore, we first design a momentum consistency-guided densification strategy, strictly constraining primitive growth onto authentic geometric manifolds to avoid computational waste while significantly accelerating convergence. Building upon this efficient initialization, we deploy a statistical sensitivity-driven sparsification mechanism to precisely prune redundant primitives, yielding a further compressed footprint. Finally, to thoroughly compensate for the risk of micro-structure loss caused by the aforementioned strict primitive control, we introduce a cross-dimensional residual frequency compensation scheme that explicitly back-injects high-frequency error energy into primitive attributes, perfectly restoring sharp geometric details. Extensive experiments validate our superiority. While maintaining a highly compact scene representation, our system achieves up to 3.7 times training acceleration against the rapid framework Speedy-Splat. Requiring only 3 to 5 minutes to converge, ACE-GS secures the highest structural similarity and achieves a peak PSNR improvement of up to 0.89 dB over the original 3DGS, establishing a new benchmark for ultra-fast and high-fidelity novel view synthesis.

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) achieves real-time novel-view synthesis by optimizing millions of anisotropic Gaussians, yet its training remains expensive, with the backward pass dominating runtime in the post-densification refinement phase. We observe substantial update redundancy in this phase: many sampled views have near-plateaued losses and provide diminishing gradient benefits, but standard training still runs full backpropagation. We propose SkipGS with a novel view-adaptive backward gating mechanism for efficient post-densification training. SkipGS always performs the forward pass to update per-view loss statistics, and selectively skips backward passes when the sampled view's loss is consistent with its recent per-view baseline, while enforcing a minimum backward budget for stable optimization. On Mip-NeRF 360, compared to 3DGS, SkipGS reduces end-to-end training time by 23.1%, driven by a 42.0% reduction in post-densification time, with comparable reconstruction quality. Because it only changes when to backpropagate without modifying the renderer, representation, or loss, SkipGS is plug-and-play and compatible with other complementary efficiency strategies, enabling additive speedups. Code is available at https://github.com/ASU-ESIC-FAN-Lab/SkipGS.

We present BlitzGS, a distributed 3DGS framework that reduces active Gaussian workload for fast city-scale reconstruction. BlitzGS manages this workload at three coupled levels. At the system level, the framework shards Gaussians across GPUs by index parity rather than spatial blocks. This approach mitigates the cross-block visibility redundancy inherent in spatial partitioning. Furthermore, it distributes each rendering step through a single cross-GPU exchange that routes projected Gaussians to their tile owners. At the model level, scheduled importance-scoring passes shrink the global Gaussian population. During these passes, the framework generates a per-Gaussian visibility weight to bias density-control updates toward contributing primitives and a per-view importance mask for the view-level renderer. At the view level, BlitzGS trims each camera's active set with a distance-based LOD gate to exclude excessively fine primitives for the current frustum and the importance-based culling mask to skip Gaussians with negligible cross-view contribution. On large-scale benchmarks, BlitzGS matches the rendering quality of recent large-scale baselines while delivering an order-of-magnitude speedup, training city-scale scenes in tens of minutes. Our code is available at https: //github.com/AkierRaee/BlitzGS.