cs.AIOct 6, 2026

BluffJAX: Adversarial Imperfect Information Games in JAX

Authors: Aryaman Reddi, Jan Peters, Carlo D'Eramo

Abstract

We introduce BluffJAX: an open-source suite of adversarial imperfect information games in JAX. We provide canonical implementations of games designed for high simulation throughputs and parallelization on GPU accelerators. Our suite consists of well-studied benchmarks such as Texas Hold'Em Poker and Kuhn Poker, as well as games that have not been previously studied in reinforcement learning research, such as Bluff, Stud Poker, and Kemps. We hope that implementing a variety of game mechanics and difficulties will introduce new challenges and foster novel research directions in game-theoretic methods for RL. We benchmark the throughput performance and memory usage of our environments in single and multi-GPU settings, demonstrating scaling of up to hundreds of millions of samples per second, and motivating the usage of BluffJAX over related GPU and CPU-based libraries. We benchmark reinforcement learning, tree search, and game-solving algorithms in JAX in order to provide users with baseline results and facilitate future comparisons.

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. Mahjax: A GPU-Accelerated Mahjong Simulator for Reinforcement Learning in JAX

    May 20, 2026Soichiro Nishimori, Shinri Okano, Keigo Habara +3RL BenchmarksGame-Playing Agents

  2. Octax: Accelerated CHIP-8 Arcade Environments for Reinforcement Learning in JAX

    Oct 2, 2025Waris Radji, Thomas Michel, Hector PiteauRL BenchmarksReinforcement Learning

  3. PuzzleJAX: A Benchmark for Reasoning and Learning

    Aug 22, 2025Sam Earle, Graham Todd, Yuchen Li +5RL BenchmarksGame-Playing Agents