cs.SEOct 26, 2026

Stratum: Repository Memory for Coding Agents Beyond the Context Window

Authors: Yuvraj Sehgal, Mahsa Panahandeh, Naser Ezzati-Jivan

Organizations: Department of Computer Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada · School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Abstract

Context windows have grown a thousand-fold, yet coding agents still start every session with no memory of their past work. They re-read files, retry failed approaches, and forget root causes they established hours earlier. This is not a context-length problem but a memory-architecture problem. Our hypothesis: coding agents need persistent, experience-aware repository memory, so that knowledge survives from one session to the next. Three measurements on real repositories motivate the design. First, mid-size projects already exceed the largest production context windows, and storing knowledge inside the model's key-value (KV) cache costs 10410^4 to 10510^5 times more bytes than storing it as indexed text. Second, across 752 real bug-fix commits, the median fix edits two files, and these files plus their direct imports amount to less than 10% of the repository; the bottleneck is selection, not capacity. Third, even with transitive import reachability and test links, 47% of co-edited file pairs remain structurally disconnected; the knowledge needed for selection must be mined from history and experience. We sketch Stratum, a tiered memory that lives with the repository and serves it through page-safe tools: every response states what was returned, what remains, and what it cost. Retrieval over a store of one million nodes takes 1.7 ms at the median. In a multi-session experiment on eight real bugs, a fresh agent that inherited a prior session's memory, written by a different model, identified the root-cause file in 21 of 24 trials versus 6 of 24 for a retrieval-only baseline (Fisher p<10−4p<10^{-4}), at 4.5x lower median token cost. With the notes of all eight investigations pooled in one store, success remained 8/8.

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