KARMA: Training-Free Knowledge-Atomic Harness Evolution for Industrial Advertising Agents

LLM agents can evolve by learning from accumulated experience. Existing approaches extract reusable external knowledge, such as skills and memories, from experience to guide subsequent task solving, with some further internalizing this knowledge through model training. However, different ways of analyzing and transforming the same experience can yield knowledge with substantially different utility, even when the resulting guidance appears reasonable. Inspired by consistency regularization, we identify consistent utility gains across different ways of analyzing the same experience, rather than relying on any single way of analyzing it. We introduce SPLICE, a framework for consistency-regularized knowledge-model co-evolution. It constructs evolution views by perturbing how the same experience is analyzed, producing different knowledge candidates. Knowledge updates are then guided by common gain, which accounts for utility gains and their consistency across views. During model evolution, self-distillation internalizes the evolved knowledge alongside reinforcement learning, using knowledge associated with consistent utility degradation as a contrastive reference. The two processes interleave, with model updates driving further knowledge evolution. Experiments across diverse domains show that SPLICE outperforms knowledge evolution and model training baselines by up to 7.1 and 4.6 points in average accuracy, while its evolved knowledge reduces output tokens per correct solution by up to 44% and transfers across model sizes and families.

Instruction-tuned models are deployed into environments where domains are heterogeneous and evolve, yet adding new domains or data typically requires costly retraining. We present AutoAdapt, a modular framework that incorporates new domains and data via targeted single-adapter training without modifying other adapters. The framework automatically discovers latent domains, uses them to train per-domain Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) adapters independently in parallel and performs parameter-free routing. Across 14 domain-specific benchmarks and GPT-4o pairwise judgements, AutoAdapt achieves parity with a LoRA adapter trained on all domains without requiring full-model retraining. We also find evidence of specialisation effect convergence across independent discovery methods. Overall, training each adapter on its own domain prevents domain interference by construction, thus enabling modular, taxonomy-free domain specialisation without aggregate performance loss or full model retraining.

Autonomous agents are increasingly deployed across sequences of related tasks, yet they often fail to retain and improve their knowledge over time. Existing approaches convert interaction trajectories into memories or reusable skills, but experience is not automatically reliable knowledge. Automatically collected skills and memories can propagate errors, mislead, and corrupt useful knowledge. To address this gap, we introduce Knowledge Evolution from Expertise and Lessons (KEEL), an agent-agnostic framework that uses verifier evidence to transform successful behavior into reusable skills and failures into corrective lessons. As new evidence accumulates, individual skill claims can be supported, contradicted, replaced, or retired. On SkillFlow benchmark, KEEL improves task success by 4.2 to 21.7 percentage points over the no-knowledge baseline, compared with gains of 2.4 to 9.6 points from SkillFlow's default method. Ablations show that skills and lessons are complementary. These results show that reliable continual agent learning depends not simply on accumulating experience, but on continually validating and evolving the knowledge derived from it. Our code is available at: https://github.com/microsoft/KEEL-TTCL26.