Continual Learning for LLM Agents

LLM: Large Language Model

Overview

Continual learning for large language model agents asks how they can improve from ongoing interaction, feedback, and changing environments rather than starting each task from scratch. Common approaches store and retrieve episodes, rules, or reusable skills; refine prompts and agent harnesses; or use reinforcement learning and fine-tuning to consolidate experience into model parameters. Work evaluates these methods in long-horizon settings such as web tasks, coding, games, and embodied environments, where agents must transfer what they learn to later tasks. A central tension is balancing adaptation with retention: accumulated memories and updates can cause interference, stale guidance, or forgetting, and gains in one setting do not always transfer to another.

Latest papers

CardsList

202 papers45 papers in the last four weeks, up 105% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. KARMA: Training-Free Knowledge-Atomic Harness Evolution for Industrial Advertising Agents

    Oct 29, 2026Xinhua Miao, Yuanzhen Rong, Weiru Zhang +1LLM AgentsSelf-Improving Agents

  2. Routed Continual Learning

    Oct 28, 2026Michael Philip, Mahesh Balakrishnan, David Geraghty +3Continual Learning for LLM AgentsMemory-Augmented Language Model Agents

  3. FilingLoop: Evaluating and Evolving LLM Agents for Corporate Disclosure Review and Revision

    Oct 27, 2026Wentao Zhang, Yilei Zhao, Guangyan Gan +2LLM Agent EvaluationContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  4. When the Critic Falls Behind: Co-Evolving Rubrics and Harnesses for Continual Agent Self-Improvement

    Oct 27, 2026Hao Chen, Yukun Yan, Ziyu Han +7Self-Improving AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  5. Skill Dreaming: Evolving Repository Skills through Pull Request Streams

    Oct 26, 2026Xinyuan Song, Hasibul Haque, Jay Somasundaram +3Automated Software EngineeringLLM Agent Skill Learning

  6. Harness-Model Collaboration for Long-Horizon Continual Learning

    Oct 26, 2026Zhen Bi, Zhizhi Peng, Yan Wang +6Continual Learning for LLM AgentsContinual Learning

  7. CauProphet: Teaching Agents to Develop Causal Cognition like Humans

    Oct 23, 2026Kaiwen Wu, Chaochao LuCausal Reasoning in Language ModelsContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  8. Don't Forget What You Just Learned: Self-Directed Repair Turns Agent Mistakes Into Lasting Lessons

    Oct 22, 2026Yuval Kansal, Karen Ullrich, Polina Kirichenko +4Self-Improving AgentsLLM Self-Correction

  9. HERD: Harness-Evolving Recursive Distillation for Continual Learning

    Oct 22, 2026Xun Sun, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Thuy-Trang VuContinual LearningContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  10. Agentic Knowledge-Model Co-Evolution via Consistency Regularization

    Oct 22, 2026Sirui Chen, Zhining Liu, Chao Zhang +2LLM Agent TrainingContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  11. WeAct: Dynamic Weight Switching as Agent Actions

    Oct 19, 2026Rui Shi, Xunjian Yin, Jiacheng Sang +2LLM Agent TrainingContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  12. Are Self-Evolving Agents Continual Learners?

    Oct 19, 2026Xiaoyin Chen, Yizheng Huang, Yinglun Xu +4Continual Learning for LLM AgentsSelf-Evolving Agents

  13. Memory as Belief: Bayesian Evolution of Memory for Self-Evolving LLM Agents

    Oct 18, 2026Yiming Xu, Qian Yang, Zihan Chen +4Memory Management for LLM AgentsSelf-Evolving Agents

  14. Hippo: Training-Free Agent Self-Evolution via Hippocampal Replay

    Oct 17, 2026Yutong Song, Jiang Wu, Yuxuan Ren +2Memory Consolidation for LLM AgentsLLM Agent Memory

  15. Darwin-Claw: Environment-Adaptive Experience Consolidation for Recursively Self-Evolving Agents

    Oct 16, 2026Mingze Yin, Xiaohan Wang, Dian Li +4Self-Evolving AgentsContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  16. Self-Evolving Agents Can Repair Failures but Struggle to Generalize from Them

    Oct 16, 2026Weixiang Zhao, Yichen Zhang, Yanyan Zhao +5LLM Agent Self-ImprovementSelf-Evolving Agents

  17. Reliable Knowledge Acquisition for Continual Learning Agents

    Oct 15, 2026Yixu Huang, Jiaqi W. MaContinual Learning for LLM AgentsContinual Learning

  18. XferAgent: Cross-Agent Experience Transfer for Self-Improving LLM Agents

    Oct 14, 2026Weihao Li, Jun Bai, Shijie Chen +3LLM Agent Self-ImprovementMemory-Augmented Language Model Agents

  19. TSRL: Trigger-based Supervised Reinforcement Learning for Continual Agent Training

    Oct 13, 2026Yuqian Fu, Kaiwen Jiang, Zijun Song +3Self-Supervised RLContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  20. PID-Gated Continual Prompt Adaptation Under Noisy Feedback

    Oct 12, 2026Zhentao XuPID ControlPrompt Optimization

  21. When Skills Remain But Access Fails: Factorized Skill Memory for Continual Skill Internalization

    Oct 11, 2026Haomiao Qiu, Yining Tang, Hongyi Wan +3Continual Learning for LLM AgentsAgent Skill Learning

  22. Harness^2: Recursive Agent Harnessing for an Open World

    Oct 9, 2026Ruiyao Xu, Yanfei Chen, Zhongying CuiZhu +6Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  23. Recurrent Harness for Agentic Continual Learning

    Oct 8, 2026Yuxin Xiao, Zhiyun Lu, Jianyu Wang +4Continual Learning for LLM AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  24. Use and Disuse: Intent-Structured Experience Consolidation for Memory and Learning in LLM Agents

    Oct 8, 2026Xiangyi Zeng, Baihang Liu, Xutong Wang +3Memory-Augmented Language Model AgentsContinual Learning for LLM Agents

  25. Memento 3: Model-Based Recursive Self-Improvement through Reflective Rulebooks

    Oct 8, 2026Haoyu Zhao, Zhengxu Yu, Zhiyuan He +5Continual Learning for LLM AgentsRecursive Self-Improvement