LLM Agents

LLM: Large Language Model

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57 papers in the last four weeks, up 58% on the four weeks before. 0.6% of all new papers.

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Forms of LLM-Integrated Applications from LLM-Chats to Autonomous AI Agent System
Oct 8, 2026Irene WeberLLM Agents LLM Agent Orchestration
University of Applied Sciences Kempten, Germany
Narrow and Deep: An Ontology Tower as the Knowledge of an LLM Agent for an Industrial Equipment System
Oct 8, 2026Younghwan Joo, Sung-il KimLLM Agents LLM Agent Evaluation
Energy Efficiency Research Division, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea · Energy Engineering, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
Curating Always-Loaded Context for LLM Agents: A Capacitated Assortment Model with Censored Feedback
Oct 7, 2026Zexuan Liu, Yuning Yang, Tiancheng ZhaoLLM Context Management LLM Agents
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign · Georgia Institute of Technology · Saint Louis University
SkillForge: Co-Evolving Skills and Agents via Dynamic Skill Lifecycles
Oct 7, 2026Yuyao Ge, Yiwei Wang, Yuchen He +5LLM Agent Skill Learning LLM Agents
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of California, Merced · Tsinghua University
From Uncertainty to Action: Learning to Steer LLM Agents
Oct 6, 2026Hanwen Li, Jinhao Duan, Guanhua Zhu +4Language Model Steering LLM Agents
New Jersey Institute of Technology · University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · University of California, Irvine +1
Do I Need the Cloud? Uncertainty-Aware Step-Level Handoff for Small Language Model Agents
Oct 6, 2026Abolfazl YounesiSmall Language Models LLM Agents
Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of Technology Tehran, Iran
Stateless Language Agents: Scaling Long-Horizon Automated Research
Oct 6, 2026Qizheng Zhang, Changxiu Ji, Isaac Sun +15Software Engineering Agents LLM Agent Orchestration
Stanford University
ANT: A Multi-Granularity Network Traffic Dataset and Benchmark for Agents Behavior Auditing
Oct 5, 2026Fan Li, Xiangyu Gao, Zixuan Liu +4AI Agent Auditing AI Agent Security Benchmarks
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China · Renmin University of China, Beijing, China +1
RAISED: Self-Distillation for Robustness to Prompt Injection in LLM Agents
Oct 5, 2026Mohamed Dhouib, Clement Elliker, Alexi Canesse +5Prompt Injection Defense LLM Agents
LIX, École polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS · AMIAD (Agence Ministérielle pour l’IA de Défense) · IRT SystemX +1
Mining Agent Skills from Production Traces
Oct 5, 2026Yue Ran Kang, Colton Mikolajczyk, Chhaya Methani +4LLM Agents Agent Skill Learning
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Microsoft Corporation
Scaling Verifiable Environments for Long-horizon Work Agents
Oct 4, 2026Jiazheng Zhang, Long Ma, Yunxian Yang +23LLM Agents LLM Agent Training
Auditing Action Settlement in LLM Agent Environments: Order, Progress, and Replay
Oct 1, 2026Haotian Chen, Bowen Ye, Yuning Zhang +1Multi-Agent LLM Systems AI Agent Auditing
School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China · School of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · SWJTU-Leeds Joint School, Southwest Jiaotong University
Empty Commitments: When Agents Promise What They Cannot Deliver
Oct 1, 2026Jiaqi Tang, Bingyu Shen, Lan Wei +6AI Agent Reliability LLM Agent Evaluation
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA · Independent Researcher
An Educator-Guided LLM Pedagogical Agent for Scaffolded Feedback in Conceptual Database Design
Oct 1, 2026Sara Riazi, Pedram RooshenasIntelligent Tutoring Systems Educational Assessment
University of Illinois Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
Before Agents Decide: Epistemic Action in LLM-Based Systems
Sep 30, 2026Yizhi Liu, Balaji Padmanabhan, Siva ViswanathanLLM Decision-Making LLM Agents
Fox School of Business, Temple University · Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland
Mid-Harness: Scaling Actions Between Model and Harness for Terminal Agents
Sep 30, 2026Minki Kang, Ryo Hachiuma, Shaokun Zhang +8Terminal Agents Test-Time Scaling
NVIDIA · KAIST
Thinking Outside the Box: Can Language Models Rely on External Guidance Selectively?
Sep 30, 2026Minghan Wang, Boyuan Wang, Jinhang Zuo +2LLM Agent Reliability LLM Agents
Southern University of Science and Technology · City University of Hong Kong
Does This Action Still Explain the Task? Reverse Scoring for Diffusion Language Model Agents
Sep 29, 2026Jiacheng Qiu, Christopher E. Mower, Jan Peters +2Diffusion Language Model Decoding LLM Agents
Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab · Technical University of Darmstadt · UCL Centre for AI
Do LLM Agents Execute the Plans They Declare? From Planning-Mode Declaration to Pattern-Specific Execution
Sep 29, 2026Subba Reddy Oota, Francisco Herrera, Jordi Cabot Sagrera +2LLM Agents Long-Horizon LLM Agents
ADIA Lab, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates · University of Granada, Granada, Spain · Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg +2
Foundations of Proactive Agents: Principles, Technical Layers, and Proactivity-Gym
Sep 29, 2026Jio Oh, Seunghyun Do, Young-Jun Lee +2LLM Agent Evaluation Long-Horizon Agent Evaluation
KAIST · University of Minnesota
SimpleEvol: An Agent-Loop Framework for LLM-Driven Automated Heuristic Design with Minimal Human Priors
Sep 29, 2026Jianghan Zhu, Cong Zhang, Rongjie Zhu +2Automated Heuristic Design Large Language Model-Guided Optimization
School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore · Independent Researcher · School of Teacher Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, China +1
AnyAct: Universal Action for Self-Evolving Agents
Sep 29, 2026Lingrui Xu, Yangqin Jiang, Jiachang Zhang +2LLM Agent Orchestration LLM Tool Use
The University of Hong Kong
The Default Trap: Rethinking Plan Evaluation in Tool-Using LLM Agents
Sep 29, 2026Xueqi Li, Jingjie Ning, Yibo KongLLM Agent Evaluation Tool-Using Agents
Carnegie Mellon University
SafeCoEvo: Co-Evolving Safety Harnesses and Guards for LLM Agents at Test-Time
Sep 29, 2026Yu Cheng, Yongkang Hu, Shuaijie Ma +12Continual Test-Time Adaptation LLM Agents
East China Normal University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Xiamen University +4
Engineering Simplicity: Simple Mechanism Interfaces Steer LLM Agents
Sep 28, 2026Kehang Zhu, Anand Shah, David ParkesLLM Decision-Making LLM Agents
Harvard University
Scaling Long-Form Story Generation via Narrative State Tracking
Sep 28, 2026Zhennan Wan, Jianfei ChenLong-Form Document Generation LLM Agents
Dept. of Comp. Sci. and Tech., Institute for AI, BNRist Center, THBI Lab, Tsinghua-Bosch Joint ML Center, Tsinghua University
Towards Communication-Efficient Social Intelligence in Language Agents
Sep 28, 2026Linxiao Gong, Yijie Xu, Tianfu Wang +7LLM Agents LLM Agent Training
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · University of Science and Technology of China · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
LLMs are General Asynchronous Agents
Sep 28, 2026George Yakushev, Denis Mazur, Vladimir Bartenev +4LLM Agents LLM Agent Harnesses
Yandex · Together AI · HSE university +1
Planarian: Managing Agent State with Statepoints
Sep 28, 2026Jinnan Guo, Hao Mark Chen, Kapil Vaswani +2LLM Agents State Tracking
Imperial College London · Indian Institute of Science Bangalore · Microsoft Security Response Center
TMCS: Tool-Grounded Multi-Agent Reasoning for Compositional Chemical Problem Solving
Sep 28, 2026Shengqin Wang, Jie Jin, Yu Cheng +4Molecular Optimization Tool-Augmented Language Model Agents
East China Normal University, Shanghai Innovation Institute, University College London, Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab

Oct 8, 2026, cs.CLJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Forms of LLM-Integrated Applications from LLM-Chats to Autonomous AI Agent System

Irene Weber

University of Applied Sciences Kempten, Germany

LLM Agents LLM Agent Orchestration AI Coding Agents Agentic RAG

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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded as components in software systems, marketed under labels such as chatbot, copilot, retrieval-augmented generation, workflow, coding agent and AI agent. Whether these labels denote genuine architectural forms or serve as branding has not been assessed systematically. In the sources surveyed, labels do carry architectural content, most clearly in vendor usage: copilot denotes a router-worker architecture operating a host application under step-by-step user confirmation, while the more recent shift to the label agent coincides with AI-planned multi-step execution of which the user sees only the outcome. The coding agents of four major providers share one architecture, a reason-and-act loop delegating to subagents. This survey describes seven recurring forms---LLM chats, custom agents, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), AI-enhanced workflows, copilots, coding agents, and, in part, agentic RAG---in a common vocabulary of agents and tools. Each is characterized along four structural dimensions (agentic RAG only partially): the architectural pattern, the control of execution and the point of user intervention, the number of agent calls per task, and tool use. An illustrative corpus of 22 systems from research publications and vendor documentation grounds the descriptions and shows where they reach their limit.

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