RouteAlign: Aligning Task Requirements with Model Profiles for LLM Service Selection
Organizations: MemTensor (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China · Renmin University of China, Beijing, China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Abstract
LLM service selection requires performance evidence that reflects the demands of the current task. Aggregate scores obscure differences in capability and difficulty, while semantically related examples can involve different combinations of skills. We present RouteAlign, which uses task requirements to structure both the measurement of model performance and the selection of services. Task requirements describe capability demand and difficulty, enabling alignment with corresponding model performance measurements. Historical requirements determine how outcomes contribute to global profiles and local capability estimates; incoming requirements determine how those measurements inform the current decision. A shared scorer integrates the evidence, and a generation-cost preference controls selection among eligible services. Evaluation across diverse tasks and heterogeneous LLM services shows that RouteAlign extends the empirical quality-cost frontier toward higher task quality. Comparisons with open Jev-style decision backends show consistent quality gains, with lower generation cost than their strongest tested configuration. Ablations support the contribution of local performance evidence, while catalog-update experiments demonstrate effective reuse of the fitted scorer with refreshed model measurements.
Figures & tables
| Per-dataset score (%) | Overall (%) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection policy | AIME | AH | GPQA | HLE | LCB | LMB | MMP | SQA | SWE | S-Avg. | D-Avg. | Cost ($) | |
| Random Router | 61.11 | 68.14 | 73.33 | 10.34 | 62.78 | 64.86 | 84.44 | 34.13 | 23.33 | 40.48 | 47.38 | 52.29 | 51.11 |
| KNNRouter | 61.11 | 71.46 | 58.33 | 13.73 | 63.41 | 64.86 | 82.89 | 53.93 | 28.67 | 57.14 | 55.07 | 55.55 | 34.96 |
| SVMRouter | 77.78 | 76.99 | 55.00 | 9.72 | 58.36 | 72.97 | 83.78 | 54.01 | 16.67 | 41.67 | 53.80 | 54.69 | 6.98 |
| MLPRouter | 72.22 | 70.80 | 61.67 | 18.52 | 67.82 | 59.46 | 82.78 | 50.69 | 24.00 | 70.24 | 55.24 | 57.82 | 42.44 |
| MM-Embed-S | 66.67 | 69.69 | 81.67 | 15.74 | 79.18 | 70.27 | 83.33 | 53.00 | 28.00 | 53.57 | 56.78 | 60.11 | 56.28 |
| Quality (%) | |||
| Candidate or policy | S-Avg. | D-Avg. | Cost ($) |
| Intern-S1 | 37.74 | 43.03 | 13.85 |
| DeepSeek V3-0324 | 40.41 | 42.60 | 4.78 |
| DeepSeek V3.1-Terminus | 44.18 | 51.72 | 9.43 |
| DeepSeek R1-0528 | 47.85 | 55.57 | 60.75 |
| Qwen3-235B | 53.81 | 54.70 | 6.98 |
| Decision backend | D-Avg. | S-Avg. | Cost ($) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev-0.8B | 51.83 | 49.65 | 39.33 |
| OpenJev-mjdileep-0.8B | 47.44 | 45.85 | 52.57 |
| Open-Jev-2B | 48.93 | 48.86 | 39.52 |
| Decider-2B | 55.00 | 47.11 | 95.63 |
| SemIf-4B | 53.43 | 51.82 | 29.32 |
| Kev-4B | 61.43 | 55.43 | 102.97 |
| Removed evidence or preference | D-Avg. | D | S-Avg. | S | Cost ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full RouteAlign | 68.64 | 0.00 | 63.07 | 0.00 | 110.42 |
| All local quality evidence | 65.52 | 61.41 | 106.24 | ||
| Scalar neighborhood estimate | 68.03 | 62.88 | 110.41 | ||
| Sample-category prior | 68.05 | 62.93 | 111.85 | ||
| Local capability conditioning | 68.12 | 63.08 | 110.96 | ||
| Relative local evidence | 68.18 | 63.22 | 109.42 |
| Selection policy | Total (s) | Per query (ms) |
|---|---|---|
| Random Router | 0.0011 | 0.0003 |
| KNNRouter | 76.00 | 20.33 |
| SVMRouter | 83.86 | 22.43 |
| MLPRouter | 75.56 | 20.21 |
| MM-Embed-S | 4.23 | 1.13 |
| MM-Embed-L | 9.42 | 2.52 |
| Stage | Parent | Event | Candidates |
| T0 | n/a | Initial candidate pool | 7 |
| T1 | T0 | Add DeepSeek R1-0528 | 8 |
| T2 | T1 | Add Qwen3-235B Thinking-2507 | 9 |
| T3 | T2 | Add Claude Sonnet 4 | 10 |
| T4 | T3 | Add Gemini 2.5 Pro | 11 |
| T5 | T4 | Add GPT-5 | 12 |
| Main sequence | T6 branches | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection policy | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | T7 | T8 | Mean |
| RouteLLM | 54.70 | 54.70 | 54.70 | 54.70 | 54.70 | 66.42 | 66.42 | 54.70 | 66.42 | 58.61 |
| RouterDC | 55.79 | 55.56 | 58.69 | 58.69 | 58.69 | 65.24 | 65.24 | 58.69 | 65.24 | 60.20 |
| AvengersPro | 52.94 | 52.69 | 54.52 | 58.52 | 57.81 | 60.49 | 61.88 | 60.58 | 64.72 | 58.24 |
| RouteAlign-Frozen | 60.36 | 61.33 | 62.26 | 63.48 | 64.18 | 68.55 | 68.60 | 64.08 | 68.64 | 64.61 |
| Capability coverage | Retained sources |
|---|---|
| C1: Task understanding | IFEval [ 49 ] , EmoryNLP, MELD |
| C2: Domain knowledge | MedQA, C-Eval |
| C3: Reasoning | MATH-500, MathBench, KOR-Bench, K&K ( kandk ), BBH [ 37 ] |
| C4: Software engineering | MBPP, HumanEval [ 6 ] |
| C5: Long-context synthesis | LongBench v2 [ 3 ] |
| C6: Structured information | FinQA [ 8 ] |
| Dataset | Train | Test |
|---|---|---|
| AIME | 42 | 18 |
| ArenaHard | 525 | 226 |
| GPQA | 138 | 60 |
| HLE | 1511 | 648 |
| LiveCodeBench | 738 | 317 |
| LiveMathBench | 84 | 37 |
| Candidate checkpoint | Records | Datasets | Selections |
|---|---|---|---|
| intern-s1 | 3737 | 10 | 2 |
| deepseek-v3-0324 | 3737 | 10 | 12 |
| deepseek-v3.1-terminus | 3737 | 10 | 37 |
| deepseek-r1-0528 | 3737 | 10 | 181 |
| qwen3-235b-a22b-2507 | 3737 | 10 | 807 |
| qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507 | 3737 | 10 | 89 |
| Selection rule | D-Avg. | S-Avg. | Cost ($) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full RouteAlign | 68.64 | 63.07 | 110.42 |
| Sample-category mean | 66.35 | 61.49 | 126.50 |
| Category and difficulty mean | 66.42 | 61.45 | 110.68 |
| Project | Sizes | Decision mechanism | Checkpoint identifiers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kev | 0.8B, 4B, 9B | LoRA and pointer head | jaredpalmer/kev-0.8b , jaredpalmer/kev-4b , jaredpalmer/kev-9b |
| Open-Jev | 2B, 9B | LoRA and scalar head | ZefanCai/Open-Jev-2B , ZefanCai/Open-Jev-9B |
| Decider | 2B, 4B | Full fine-tuning and letter logits | Mapika/decider-2b , Mapika/decider-4b |
| SemIf | 4B | Pretrained letter logits | Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B |
| OpenJev-mjdileep | 0.8B | Pretrained affirmative-answer logits | Qwen/Qwen3.5-0.8B |
| Backend | D | S | Cost | D | S | Cost | D | S | Cost | Time (ms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kev-0.8B | 48.08 | 47.14 | 36.58 | 51.39 | 49.02 | 38.11 | 51.83 | 49.65 | 39.33 | 1268.9 |
| OpenJev-mjdileep-0.8B | 48.76 | 45.77 | 48.61 | 49.86 | 45.80 | 51.56 | 47.44 | 45.85 | 52.57 | 969.7 |
| Open-Jev-2B | 47.70 | 46.54 | 50.21 | 51.78 | 49.83 | 49.90 | 48.93 | 48.86 | 39.52 | 1544.0 |
| Decider-2B | 56.42 | 46.63 | 123.39 | 56.11 | 47.27 | 108.88 | 55.00 | 47.11 | 95.63 | 593.4 |
| SemIf-4B | 49.35 | 51.47 | 30.99 | 54.29 | 52.62 | 33.55 | 53.43 | 51.82 | 29.32 | 1727.8 |
| Backend or policy | AIME | AH | GPQA | HLE | LCB | LMB | MMP | SQA | SWE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kev-0.8B | 61.11 | 69.03 | 73.33 | 8.80 | 59.94 | 54.05 | 82.33 | 43.76 | 20.67 | 45.24 |
| OpenJev-mjdileep-0.8B | 55.56 | 69.03 | 66.67 | 12.35 | 56.15 | 62.16 | 82.67 | 34.05 | 16.67 | 19.05 |
| Open-Jev-2B | 55.56 | 67.92 | 63.33 | 8.18 | 59.94 | 62.16 | 81.67 | 44.30 | 15.33 | 30.95 |
| Decider-2B | 88.89 | 70.35 | 70.00 | 15.43 | 70.98 | 62.16 | 83.22 | 29.43 | 22.67 | 36.90 |
| SemIf-4B | 66.67 | 65.04 | 78.33 | 9.26 | 58.36 | 59.46 | 83.33 | 50.46 | 8.67 | 54.76 |
| Kev-4B | 83.33 | 73.89 | 81.67 | 13.89 | 77.29 | 64.86 | 83.22 | 49.08 | 34.67 | 52.38 |
LLM Routing
Large language model routing selects models, tools, experts, or inference strategies to balance answer quality, cost, latency, and deployment constraints.
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