Evidence Retrieval

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Overview

Evidence retrieval studies how systems find the passages, records, images, or other source material needed to answer questions and check claims. Common approaches combine lexical and dense search with reranking, while newer systems use query refinement, iterative agents, and graph or document-structure navigation to gather evidence across sources. Evaluation spans tasks such as multi-hop question answering, fact-checking, scientific literature search, and long-document or multimodal QA, often measuring evidence recall and citation quality alongside answer accuracy. A central challenge is that relevant evidence may still be incomplete, contradictory, or misinterpreted, so systems must balance coverage, source reliability, efficient search, and evidence sufficiency.

Latest papers

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161 papers37 papers in the last four weeks, up 37% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Coverage Under Contradiction: A Benchmark for Negation-Aware Retrieval

    Oct 27, 2026Pasha Abrishamchian, Eugene Yang, Andrew Yates +2IR EvaluationEvidence Retrieval

    Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA · Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA

  2. Nothing Left Behind: Finding Evidence from a Large Randomized Evaluation Corpus

    Oct 27, 2026Giuliano Martinelli, Abelardo Carlos Martinez Lorenzo, Satvik Garg +4Evidence RetrievalInformation Retrieval

    Development Impact AI Lab, World Bank Group

  3. When Retrieval Is Not Enough: Obsolete Facts in Agent Memory

    Oct 26, 2026Oleeviya Babu Poikarayil, Tony Basil Babu, Abdulrahman Nahhas +4Agent MemoryMemory Consolidation for LLM Agents

    Faculty of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Germany · University of Kerala, India · Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Germany +1

  4. When Connectivity Misleads: Guiding Agentic Search with Contrastive Evidence Paths

    Oct 26, 2026Junchen Li, Liang Xu, Rongzheng Wang +3Web Search AgentsGraph-Based Retrieval

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China

  5. Stop or Clarify? Experience-Conditioned Active Fact Verification

    Oct 26, 2026Yuhang Dong, Jinghong Li, Xinyue Wang +1Automated Fact-CheckingActive Information Gathering

    Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

  6. Knowing When the Evidence Is Enough: Requirement-Directed Search with Horn-Closure Certificates

    Oct 26, 2026Xinyu Zhang, Weiwei SunEvidence-Grounded QAEvidence Retrieval

    Fudan University

  7. A Task-Centric Survey of Long-Document Visual Question Answering: Taxonomy, Evolution, and Future Directions

    Oct 22, 2026Yufei Tong, Guanjie Cheng, Tianle Wu +5Long-Document VQADocument QA

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China · School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University, China · Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, China +1

  8. CiteAnchor: Source-Aware Grounding for Hallucinated Citation Detection and Resolution

    Oct 21, 2026Chenyi Tong, Ping Nie, Yu ZhangCitation VerificationEvidence Retrieval

    University of Wisconsin–Madison · University of Waterloo · Texas A&M University

  9. Scan or Index? large Evidence Coverage, Answer Quality, and Cost in Long-Document RAG

    Oct 20, 2026Juan Terven, Diana-Margarita Córdova-Esparza, Julio-Alejandro Romero-González +5Long-Context RetrievalEvidence Retrieval

    CICATA Qro., Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México · Facultad de Informática, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México · CIDETEC, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México +3

  10. InsightRAG: Aggregating Distributed Scholarly Judgments for Scientific Survey Generation

    Oct 20, 2026Yuquan Lin, Wenshuo Zhang, Yilin Ye +4Retrieval-Augmented GenerationEvidence Retrieval

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)

  11. One Fact, Many Places: Redundant Evidence in Long Visual Documents Breaks Single-Gold Evaluation of Retrieval, Citation and Attribution

    Oct 19, 2026Xiaokang Yuan, Binhui Yao, Luwei Yang +2IR EvaluationEvidence Retrieval

    Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China · Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China

  12. The Scheduler Is a Hidden Retriever: How Asynchrony Shapes Evidence Acquisition in Search Agents

    Oct 19, 2026Ruiyang Ren, Yuhao Wang, Yinan Zhang +1LLM Inference SchedulingEvidence Retrieval

    Nanyang Technological University Singapore

  13. Evidence Sufficiency and Model Comparisons in MexRegQA: An Item-Level Audit of Mexican-Spanish Regulatory QA

    Oct 19, 2026Fred Hu, Yeqi Wang, Xing ZhouBenchmark AuditingLegal QA

    Huawei Technologies de México, Mexico · Northeastern University, USA

  14. Optimist Deep Research: An Iterative, State-Centric Agent for Autonomous Literature Research

    Oct 16, 2026Gihan PanapitiyaAutonomous Research AgentsAgentic Retrieval

  15. Evidence-Gated Bilingual RAG for Reliable Consumer Banking Search

    Oct 15, 2026Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Rayyan, Rana Mahmoud Mohammed, Aya Abdallah Abdelmonem +2Retrieval-Augmented GenerationMultilingual IR

    School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada

  16. SAG2: Embedding-Free Multi-Hop Retrieval with BM25 and JEV

    Oct 15, 2026Yuchao WuMulti-Hop RetrievalInformation Retrieval

    Zleap AI

  17. Beyond Retrieval Failure: Understanding Why LLMs Miss Evidence in Multi-Hop RAG

    Oct 15, 2026Jiaqi Wei, Wenxuan Huang, Chengdong Xu +2Retrieval-Augmented GenerationEvidence Retrieval

    Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China · Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai, China · Fudan University Shanghai, China +3

  18. VELD-QA: A Large-Scale Dataset for Visual Evidence Grounding and Question Answering in Long Documents

    Oct 14, 2026Zhivar Sourati, Marianne Menglin Liu, Rongguang Wang +12Long-Document VQADocument QA

    University of Southern California · Oracle AI · Turing Enterprise Inc +1

  19. Taking the PULSE of Medical Reasoning: Step-Level Retrieval Timing for Knowledge-Grounded Inference

    Oct 14, 2026Danyang Zhao, Sendong Zhao, Yanrui Du +6Adaptive RetrievalEvidence Retrieval

    Harbin Institute of Technology

  20. EGCForest: Structured Agent Memory Organization for Enterprise Group Chats

    Oct 14, 2026Lingxi Cui, Jinhao Ruan, Wenqing Wei +4Conversational MemoryEvidence Retrieval

    The State Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Data Security, Zhejiang University · Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security · Xiaohongshu

  21. FinGREAT: Evaluating LLMs on Financial Graph-guided Retrieval And Typing

    Oct 13, 2026Ashman Mehra, Bryan Routledge, Jane JaeYeon Pyo +1Relation ExtractionLLM Evaluation

    School of Computer Science, AI Accounting Lab, Carnegie Mellon University · Tepper School of Business, AI Accounting Lab, Carnegie Mellon University

  22. Graph-free Retrieval with Graph-Modified Embeddings

    Oct 13, 2026Federica Santi, Vasilije Marković, Daniel Scott +1Evidence RetrievalGraph-Based Retrieval

    Cognee Inc

  23. JevGPT: Thinking Fast and Slow in Autonomous Research

    Oct 13, 2026Yasheng Sun, Yanning Dai, Yimeng Chen +9Dual-Process ReasoningAutonomous Research Agents

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

  24. VL-DocIR: A Benchmark for Vision-Based Long Document Information Retrieval

    Oct 12, 2026Simon Ott, Yufan Chen, Ruiping Liu +6Visual Document RetrievalLong-Context Retrieval

    Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · Hunan University

  25. CultureBot: A Framework for Retrieval-Augmented Exploration of Cultural Heritage Data

    Oct 12, 2026Vasileios Karampinis, Angelos Vlachos, Giorgos Filandrianos +4Digital Cultural HeritageCultural Heritage

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AILS Laboratory National Technical University of Athens

  26. Natural Language Processing for Aligning Readings with Learning Objectives and Assessing Topic Balance in Dental Education

    Oct 11, 2026Farzana Yasmin, Tahereh Firoozi, Rojin AdabdokhtEvidence Retrieval

  27. LASER: Defeasible Certificate Search for Long-Range Protocol Dependencies

    Oct 10, 2026Zihan Tang, Huibiao ZhuEvidence RetrievalFormal Verification

    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

  28. SEEDS: Preview-Guided Evidence Admission for Search Agents

    Oct 9, 2026Jiajin Liu, Chenxi Xu, Dongzhe Fan +2Evidence SelectionAgentic Search

    New York University · New York University Shanghai

  29. Finding the Right Balance: Relevance and Diversity in LLM Retrieval

    Oct 7, 2026Guillaume Brouillette, Faustin Kagabo, Usef Faghihi +1Information RetrievalRetrieval-Augmented Generation

    Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada

  30. From Chunks to Functional Evidence: Function-Aware Retrieval for EDA Documentation QA

    Oct 7, 2026Xiaotian Qiu, Kairui Liu, Shi Chenyi +3Evidence RetrievalRetrieval-Augmented Generation

    Zhejiang University · Shanghai Innovation Institute