Long-Tailed Distribution

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11 papers in the last four weeks, up 120% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Attention Kernels for Learning Maps Between Heavy-Tailed Measures

    Sep 30, 2026Kailen Hargenrader, Edoardo Calvello, Bohan ChenTransformer AttentionLong-Tailed Distribution

    Computing and Mathematical Sciences California Institute of Technology · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California, Berkeley ICSI

  2. Quantifying Behavioral Tails in Black-Box Language Models

    Sep 27, 2026Elsayed Eshra, Ali Al-Lawati, Dongwon Lee +1ProbabilitySeverity

    The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802, USA

  3. Where Does Exactly-Once Live? Model, Harness, and Tool-Contract Effects on Duplicate Side Effects in LLM Agents

    Sep 24, 2026Jiapeng LiLarge Language Model AgentsContracts

    Microsoft

  4. When Fancy Eviction Fails: Rethinking Cache Replacement For LLM Prefix Reuse

    Sep 24, 2026Yiyu Liu, Minlan Yu, Juncheng YangEvictionCache

    Harvard University

  5. Distributed Stochastic Approximation Algorithms and Heavy-Tailed Age of Information

    Sep 23, 2026Adrian Redder, Arunselvan Ramaswamy, Holger KarlStochastic ApproximationLong-Tailed Distribution

    Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Paderborn University, Germany · Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India · Hasso-Plattner Institute (HPI), Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Germany

  6. Mini-batch Sampling Strategies for Long-Tailed Image Classification: An Empirical Study on CIFAR-100-LT

    Sep 14, 2026Siyu YuanImbalanced ClassificationOversampling

    School of Mathematics, University of Bristol

  7. Predictive Likelihood Ratios for Language Model Watermark Detection

    Sep 14, 2026Li MaLarge Language Model WatermarksTwo-Sample Testing

    Department of Statistics and Data Science Institute, University of Chicago

  8. Neural Multichannel Distant Speaker Diarization with Heavy-tailed Source Separation Model

    Sep 14, 2026Sicheng Mao, Baihan Li, Mathieu Fontaine +2Speaker DiarizationDiscrete Speech Representations

    LTCI, Telecom Paris, Institut Polytechnique Paris, France · SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China · LIUM, Le Mans University, France

  9. Dimension-Corrected Hitting Times for Heavy-Tailed Spectral Emergence in Neural Optimizer Dynamics

    Sep 14, 2026Zongmin LiuLong-Tailed DistributionSpectral

    Stanford University

  10. CyFM: Cylindrical Optimal Transport for Few-Step Complex-Valued Flow Matching

    Sep 12, 2026Marcel Musiałek, Iga Wolanin, Damian Ryczko +2Differentiable Optimal TransportTime Discretization

    Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wrocław, Poland

  11. TailProp: content-adaptive light- and heavy-tailed propagation for vision

    Sep 10, 2026Jiahao Kong, Zihan LiSelf-Supervised Vision TransformersPropagation

    Shandong University

  12. A location-invariant estimator of extremal quantile treatment effects for heavy-tailed distributions

    Sep 3, 2026Xin Yu, Shuwei Huang, Jicheng Liu +4Quantile RegressionHeterogeneous Treatment Effects

    Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Tencent

  13. Restricted Eigenvalues Beyond Gaussian Width: Threshold Occupancy under Heavy Tails

    Sep 3, 2026Shi Fu, Huibo Xu, Qixin Zhang +1Non-GaussianityLong-Tailed Distribution

    Generative AI Lab, College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  14. AnalysisBank: An Expert Analysis Pattern Library for Financial Report Generation

    Sep 1, 2026Yajing Yang, Yunshan Ma, Kelvin J. L. Koa +1ReportInsights

    National University of Singapore · Singapore Management University · Asian Institute of Digital Finance

  15. Prof-K: Probabilistic One-Pass Filtering for Efficient Top-k Selection

    Aug 12, 2026Tadeusz Dziarmaga, Witold Sikora, Łukasz Struski +2Top-KInference Workloads

    Jagiellonian University

  16. Fine-Tuning Generative Models for Extreme Events via CVaR-Penalized Wasserstein Gradient Flows

    Aug 12, 2026Thejani Gamage, Hyemin Gu, Zhizhen Zhang +3Long-Tailed DistributionWasserstein Gradient Flows

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA · School of Data and Information Sciences (SDIS) and Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC

  17. Perspectives on Tsallis Statistics for Artificial Intelligence

    Aug 2, 2026Kleyton da Costa, Bernardo ModenesiLong-Tailed DistributionBoltzmann Distributions

    University College London, London, United Kingdom · Division of Biostatistics & School of Computing, University of Utah, United States

  18. MA-HEAD-Net: Adaptive Rule-Guided Multi-Agent DRL for AoI Minimization in UAV-Assisted Emergency Networks

    Aug 2, 2026Yixin Zhang, Zhuohui Yao, Wenchi Cheng +1Emergency AssistanceHuman-Centric Mission Planning

  19. Parameter-Free Heavy-Tailed Bandits

    Jul 31, 2026Gianmarco Genalti, Alberto Maria MetelliLong-Tailed DistributionBandits

    Politecnico di Milano

  20. Long-Tailed 3D Point Cloud Dataset Distillation

    Jul 29, 2026Jiahao You, Xu Han, Jinfeng Xu +1Diffusion-Based Dataset DistillationPoint Clouds

    Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Hunan University

  21. Quantum Speedups for Stochastic Optimization with Heavy-Tailed Noise

    Jul 28, 2026Bin Luo, Chengchang Liu, Jonathan Allcock +2Stochastic OptimizationQuantum Computational Advantage

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Westlake University · Tencent Quantum Laboratory

  22. Epistemic Norms for AI Safety and Alignment Research

    Jul 27, 2026Keivan NavaieArtificial Intelligence SafetyEpistemic Integrity

    Lancaster University, UK

  23. Long-Tailed Medical Image Classification

    Jul 26, 2026Nathanael Ren, Saagar AryaMedical Image ClassificationRare Disease

    Pratt School of Engineering Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA

  24. DishSeg24k: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Food Segmentation with Stochastic Expert Decoding

    Jul 25, 2026Yilin Wang, Haochen Shi, Guanyu Chen +4Large-Scale BenchmarkSilver Bullet

    Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China +3

  25. Spectral-Aware Analytic Class-Incremental Learning for Long-Tailed Distributions

    Jul 24, 2026Quyen Tran, Hai Nguyen, Quan Dao +4Class-Incremental LearningRegularization

    1Rutgers University · 2Tuft University · 3HUST +1

  26. Generalised Balanced Softmax: A Finite-Data Perspective on Logit Adjustment for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Jul 24, 2026Yi-Hang Zhu, Rajeev Raman, Shiqi Su +4Imbalanced ClassificationGumbel-Softmax Relaxation

    School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK · Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK · Scientific Computing, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK +2

  27. Volatility-Aware Extreme Event Detection in High-Frequency Financial Markets

    Jul 20, 2026Maorufa Zaman, Haris Md SahedVolatilityLimit Order Book

    Department of Digital Business & Innovation

  28. Heavy-Tailed Flow Matching via Random Clocks

    Jul 15, 2026Zhouhao Yang, Yezhen Wang, Kenji Kawaguchi +2Conditional Flow MatchingLong-Tailed Distribution

    Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University. · School of Computing, National University of Singapore. · Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University.

  29. Diachronic Sample Integration: Robust Tail-Risk Estimation with Generative Models

    Jul 12, 2026Shuning Zhao, Patrick Wong, Leran Zhang +1Long-Tailed DistributionGenerative Models

    Department of Computer Science and Technology, BNRist, Tsinghua University, China · Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Australia · School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Australia

  30. Model Merging as Probabilistic Inference in Fine-Tuning Parameter Space

    Jul 2, 2026Long Minh Bui, Tuan Anh Le Van, Tung Phi Duc +3Continual Model MergingProbabilistic Inference

    Washington State University · Hanoi University of Science and Technology

  31. Minimizing Quantized Semantic Age of Information (QSAoI) in Foundation Model-Based Semantic Communications

    Jun 30, 2026Huanyu Zhang, Yulin Hu, Xiaopeng Yuan +2Semantic CommunicationsSource-Channel Coding

    INDA Chair, RWTH Aachen University, Germany · School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, China · Department of Digital Communication Systems, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

  32. Heads, Not Backbones: Output Heads Dominate Architectures on Fat-Tailed Returns

    Jun 29, 2026Sichao He, Yansong ZhangLong-Tailed DistributionVolatility

    Peking University · Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies · Beijing, China +2

  33. Anti-Collapse Dynamics and the Emergence of Multi-Time-Scale Learning in Recurrent Neural Networks

    Jun 28, 2026Lorenzo LiviRecurrent Neural NetworksLearning Dynamics

    OPIT – Open Institute of Technology

  34. The Decision Geometry of Covariance Estimation for the Global Minimum-Variance Portfolio under Heavy Tails

    Jun 25, 2026Xavier FonsecaPortfolio OptimizationCovariance

    Academy for AI, Games and Media, Breda University of Applied Sciences, Breda, The Netherlands.

  35. High-Probability PL-SGD with Markovian Noise: Optimal Mixing and Tail Dependence

    Jun 24, 2026Dhruv Sarkar, Aprameyo Chakrabartty, Vaneet AggarwalStochastic Gradient DescentLong-Tailed Distribution

    Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Purdue University

  36. The Generalization Spectrum: A Chromatographic Approach to Evaluating Learning Algorithms

    Jun 24, 2026Jinghan Zhang, Zerui Cheng, Shiqi Chen +5Offline Reinforcement LearningLong-Tailed Distribution

    1ByteDance Seed · 2Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · 3Princeton University +1

  37. Open Problem: Is AdamW Effective Under Heavy-Tailed Noise?

    Jun 22, 2026Dingzhi Yu, Hongyi Tao, Yuanyu Wan +2AdamLong-Tailed Distribution

    1Nanjing University · 2Zhejiang University · 3Fudan University

  38. Distribution-Aware Robust Bilevel Optimization: Quantile-Guided Huber Updates in Two-Timescale Stochastic Approximation

    Jun 21, 2026Zhiyu Li, Xi Xuan, Davide CarboneBilevel OptimizationStochastic Approximation

    University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, China · City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR, China · Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Paris, France

  39. ELADO: Elliptic PDE Assessment Datasets for Operator Learning

    Jun 18, 2026Frank Ehebrecht, Toni Scharle, Martin AtzmuellerLipschitz ContinuityLong-Tailed Distribution

    Osnabrück University, Semantic Information Systems Group, Osnabrück, Germany · ROSEN Technology and Research Center GmbH, Lingen, Germany · German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Osnabrück, Germany

  40. Free Heavy-Tailed Lunch for Muon: A Theoretical Justification of Empirical Success

    Jun 12, 2026Florian Hübler, Thomas Pethick, Suvrit SraSpectral NormMuon

    Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland · Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)

  41. The Risk Shadow of Principal Component Analysis: When 99.9999% Variance Preservation Causes Catastrophic Decision Errors

    Jun 12, 2026Hamidou TembinePrincipal Component AnalysisLong-Tailed Distribution

    Department of EECS, School of Engineering, UQTR, Canada. Learning and Game Theory Laboratory (LnG Lab), TIMADIE.

  42. Asymptotic Optimality of Thompson Sampling for Risk-Averse Bandits with Sub-Gaussian Rewards

    Jun 8, 2026Joel Q. L. ChangThompson SamplingLong-Tailed Distribution

  43. Addressing Market Regime Changes and Heavy-Tailed Returns in Portfolio Optimization via Bayesian VAR and Elliptical Black-Litterman

    Jun 8, 2026Daniil Mikriukov, Ruoyu Sun, Angelos Stefanidis +2Portfolio OptimizationLong-Tailed Distribution

    University of Liverpool · Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University · Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom +1

  44. Quantum enhanced rare event discovery and sampling

    Jun 4, 2026Naixu Guo, Po-Wei Huang, Qisheng Wang +4Rare EventsRejection Sampling

    Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore · Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom · School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China +4

  45. ReSGA: A Large Tail Risk Model for Learning Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall

    Jun 3, 2026Yichi Zhang, Ke Zhu, Zhoufan ZhuConditional-Value-At-RiskLong-Tailed Distribution

    Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong · Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, China · Department of Finance, School of Economics, Xiamen University, China

  46. Variance Reduction for Heavy-Tailed Monetization Metrics in Ranking Experiments via Post-Stratification

    Jun 2, 2026Neeti Pokharna, Olivier Jeunen, Yatharth Saraf +1Click-Through Rate PredictionVariance Reduction

    ShareChat · Bengaluru, Karnataka, India · Aampe +3

  47. Scalable Uncertainty Quantification for Extreme Weather Forecasting via Empirical Neural Tangent Kernels

    Jun 1, 2026Jose Marie Antonio Miñoza, Rex Gregor Laylo, Sebastian C. IbañezNumerical Weather PredictionUncertainty Quantification

    Center for AI Research · Department of Education · Makati, Philippines

  48. DARTS: Distribution-Aware Active Rollout Trajectory Shaping for Accelerating LLM Reinforcement Learning

    May 29, 2026Yujie Wang, Siwei Chen, Longzan Luo +4Large Language Model Reinforcement LearningAutoregressive Rollout

    School of Computer Science & Beijing Key Laboratory of Software and Hardware Cooperative Artificial Intelligence Systems, Peking University, Beijing, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Institute of Computational Social Science, Peking University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China

  49. Diffusion Models Preferentially Memorize Prototypical Examples or: Why Does My Diffusion Model Love Slop?

    May 28, 2026Marta Aparicio Rodriguez, Anastasia Borovykh, Grigorios A. Pavliotis +1Diffusion ModelsMemorization

    Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, UK · ML Lab, Capital Fund Management, France · Department of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland

  50. Can Entry-Wise Clipping Give Spectral Control of Stochastic Gradients?

    May 26, 2026Zitao Song, Cedar Site Bai, Zhe Zhang +2Gradient ClippingStochastic Gradient Descent

    Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. · School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

  51. Stop Suppressing the Tail: Causal Inference for Extreme Events

    May 26, 2026Eichi UeharaLong-Tailed DistributionCausal Inferences

  52. CARE: Class-Adaptive Expert Consensus for Reliable Learning with Long-Tailed Noisy Labels

    May 22, 2026Mengke Li, Haiquan Ling, Lihao Chen +3Noisy LabelsVision-Language Model Adaptation

    College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China

  53. Tail Annealing for Heavy-Tailed Flow Matching

    May 19, 2026Jean PachebatLong-Tailed DistributionConditional Flow Matching

    1CMAP, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, France.

  54. Cardiac fat segmentation using computed tomography and an image-to-image conditional generative adversarial neural network

    May 19, 2026Guilherme Santos da Silva, Dalcimar Casanova, Jefferson Tales Oliva +1EchocardiographyMulti Organ Computed Tomography Segmentation

    Academic Department of Informatics, Universidade Tecnoldgica Federal do Parand (UTFPR), Pato Branco, 85503-390, Brasil · Graduate Program of Production and Systems Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Parand (UTFPR), Pato Branco, 85503-390, Brazil

  55. Probabilistic Multivariate Time Series Forecasting with Diffusion Copulas

    May 19, 2026David Huk, Dongshan Wang, Miha BresarGaussian CopulaMultivariate Time Series Forecasting

    Department of Statistics The University of Warwick · School of Data Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

  56. Can Adaptive Gradient Methods Converge under Heavy-Tailed Noise? A Case Study of AdaGrad

    May 18, 2026Zijian LiuConvergenceLong-Tailed Distribution

    Stern School of Business, New York University

  57. Markov Chain Decoders Overcome the Heavy-Tail Limitations of Lipschitz Generative Models

    May 18, 2026Abdelhakim Ziani, Andras Horvath, Paolo BallariniLong-Tailed DistributionGenerative Models

    Université Paris Saclay, Lab. MICS, CentraleSupélec, Gif-sur-Yvette, France · Università di Torino, Torino, Italy

  58. On Stability and Decomposition of Sample Quantiles under Heavy-Tailed Distributions

    May 18, 2026Choudur LakshminarayanQuantile RegressionLong-Tailed Distribution

    School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology

  59. The Privacy Price of Tail-Risk Learning: Effective Tail Sample Size in Differentially Private CVaR Optimization

    May 15, 2026El Mustapha MansouriConditional-Value-At-RiskLong-Tailed Distribution

    School of Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan

  60. BiFedKD: Bidirectional Federated Knowledge Distillation Framework for Non-IID and Long-Tailed ECG Monitoring

    May 14, 2026Zixuan Shu, Tiancheng Cao, Hen-Wei HuangAdult-To-Pediatric Electrocardiogram TransferFederated Learning

    School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore · Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Republic of Singapore