Keyword Spotting

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Overview

Keyword spotting identifies trigger words or user-specified phrases in continuous speech, enabling voice interfaces without sending every utterance to full speech recognition. Systems commonly use compact convolutional or recurrent models over log-mel or MFCC features, alongside newer streaming, spiking, prototype-matching, and event-based approaches. To handle personalized phrases, pronunciation variation, speakers, and noise, methods add phoneme or text prompts, speaker verification, noise conditioning, and sometimes visual speech cues; evaluations include Google Speech Commands, LibriPhrase, and continuous-noise settings. The central challenge is balancing flexible vocabulary and reliable detection against false alarms, latency, memory, and energy on edge devices, since benchmark accuracy alone can miss real-world streaming behavior.

Latest papers

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24 papers2 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. GIVE-KWS: Gated Injection of Visual Evidence for Noise-Robust Query-by-Example Keyword Spotting

    Oct 5, 2026Ming-Hsiang Hu, Kuan-Tang Huang, Hung-Shin Lee +1Keyword SpottingAudio-Visual Understanding

    Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University · Graduate Institute of AI Interdisciplinary Applied Technology, National Taiwan Normal University

  2. Sub-Model Short-Term Memory Convolutions for Keyword Spotting Systems on Device

    Sep 28, 2026Paweł Warlewski, Artur Czeczko, Artur Szumaczuk +2Keyword SpottingSpeech Processing

    Samsung R&D Institute Poland · Samsung AI Center Warsaw

  3. Normalise or condition? Noise-floor front-ends for on-board keyword spotting under UAV rotor ego-noise

    Sep 19, 2026Yida Lin, Bing Xue, Mengjie Zhang +2Keyword SpottingNoise Robustness

    Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand · University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand

  4. CircleMatch: Prototype Matching with Circular Temporal Statistics for Tiny Keyword Spotting

    Sep 17, 2026Jiajun Sun, Zhe GaoPrototype-Based LearningKeyword Spotting

    Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China

  5. A Multiplication-Free Feature Extractor for Signal Classification: Keyword Spotting Case Study

    Aug 17, 2026Radu Dogaru, Ioana DogaruSpeech ProcessingTiny ML

    Dept. of Applied Electronics and Information Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Romania

  6. PromptKWS: A Novel Prompt-Guided Open-Vocabulary Keyword Spotting Framework

    Aug 11, 2026Gaopeng Xu, Chengfei Li, Xianliang Wang +5Keyword SpottingSpeech Processing

    NIO, China · Qilu Normal University, China

  7. Cumsum-Composable Phase Transport for Low-Cost Streaming Keyword Spotting

    Jul 22, 2026Mahesh GodavartiKeyword SpottingRecurrent Neural Networks

    A Carrot, Inc

  8. Scalable Keyword Spotting via Modular Network Expansion

    Jul 22, 2026Viktor Khaymonenko, Dzmitry Saladukha, Aliaksei Rak +1Class-Incremental LearningEfficient Neural Network Inference

    Embedded Voice Input Team, Yandex, Russia · Embedded Voice Input Team, Yandex, Belarus

  9. Personalized Keyword Spotting for User-Defined Keywords Leveraging Text-Independent Speaker Verification

    Jun 18, 2026Ming-Hsiang Hu, Kuan-Tang Huang, Chien-Chun Wang +2Zero-Shot LearningKeyword Spotting

    Dept. Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan · E.SUN Financial Holding Co., Ltd., Taiwan · United Link Co., Ltd., Taiwan

  10. Adaptive Speech-to-Spike Encoding for Spiking Neural Networks

    Jun 17, 2026Taharim Rahman Anon, Jakaria Islam EmonKeyword SpottingSpeech Processing

    1PI LLC, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

  11. Embedded Machine Learning for Microcontroller-Class Edge Devices: Data, Feature, Evaluation, and Deployment Pipelines

    Jun 16, 2026Mostafa DarvishiEfficient Neural Network InferenceKeyword Spotting

  12. Learning task-specific subspaces via interventional post-training of speech foundation models

    Jun 16, 2026Jack Cox, Jon BarkerContrastive LearningDisentangled Representation Learning

    University of Sheffield, United Kingdom

  13. Connecting Speech to Words through Images

    Jun 15, 2026Gabriel Pirlogeanu, Dan Oneata, Horia Cucu +1Multimodal GroundingUnsupervised Learning

    Speech and Dialogue Research Laboratory · POLITEHNICA Bucharest, Romania · Electrical and Electronic Engineering +1

  14. Massive Open-Vocabulary Keyword Spotting

    Jun 9, 2026Leonor Barreiros, Raul Monteiro, Afonso Mendes +1Keyword SpottingAutomatic Speech Recognition

    Priberam Labs, Lisboa, Portugal · Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal · Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisboa, Portugal

  15. KFC-KWS: Keyframe Fusion with CTC for User-Defined Keyword Spotting

    Jun 9, 2026Jin Li, Wenbin Jiang, Ji HuKeyword Spotting

    School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China · School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China

  16. Representation Matters in Randomized Smoothing for Audio Classification

    Jun 2, 2026Jong-Ik Park, Shreyas Chaudhari, José M. F. Moura +1Randomized SmoothingKeyword Spotting

    Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

  17. Perforated Neural Networks for Keyword Spotting

    May 15, 2026Vishy Gopal, Aris Ilias Goutis, Ralph Crewe +2Keyword SpottingEdge ML

    2Purdue University · 3Renesas Electronics · 1Perforated AI

  18. Hardware-Software Co-Design of Scalable, Energy-Efficient Analog Recurrent Computations

    May 12, 2026Arthur Fyon, Julien Brandoit, Loris Mendolia +3Energy-Efficient MLKeyword Spotting

    University of Liège Liège, Belgium

  19. End-to-End Keyword Spotting on FPGA Using Graph Neural Networks with a Neuromorphic Auditory Sensor

    May 10, 2026Wiktor Matykiewicz, Piotr Wzorek, Kamil Jeziorek +4Keyword SpottingSpeech Processing

    AGH University of Krakow, Poland · Embedded Vision Systems Group, Computer Vision Laboratory · Robotics and Technology of Computers Lab., ETSII, EPS, SCORE, I3US, Universidad de Sevilla

  20. Keyword spotting using convolutional neural network for speech recognition in Hindi

    Apr 26, 2026Saru Bharti, Pushparaj Mani PathakKeyword SpottingSpeech Processing

    iHub DivyaSampark Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee, India · Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee, India

  21. ProKWS: Personalized Keyword Spotting via Collaborative Learning of Phonemes and Prosody

    Mar 5, 2026Jianan Pan, Yuanming Zhang, Kejie HuangKeyword SpottingRepresentation Learning

    College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

  22. PCOV-KWS: Multi-task Learning for Personalized Customizable Open Vocabulary Keyword Spotting

    Mar 5, 2026Jianan Pan, Kejie HuangKeyword SpottingMulti-Task Learning

    Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

  23. Hardware-accelerated graph neural networks: an alternative approach for neuromorphic event-based audio classification and keyword spotting on SoC FPGA

    Feb 18, 2026Kamil Jeziorek, Piotr Wzorek, Krzysztof Blachut +6Audio ClassificationKeyword Spotting

    The AGH University of Krakow, Poland · Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Japan · CEA-List, Université Grenoble Alpes, France

  24. Robust Wake-Up Word Detection by Two-stage Multi-resolution Ensembles

    Oct 17, 2023Fernando López, Jordi Luque, Carlos Segura +1Keyword SpottingEnsemble Learning

    Telefónica I+D, Digital Life Disruption Lab, Spain · Universidad Autónoma de Madrid · Telefónica I+D, Research, Spain