Prototype-Based Learning

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Overview

Prototype-based learning represents classes or patterns with learned or data-derived examples in a feature space, then predicts by measuring similarity to those prototypes. Common approaches include prototypical networks for few-shot learning, contrastive prototype losses, memory banks, and alignment between visual and text prototypes. Researchers use these methods for settings such as medical segmentation, domain adaptation, anomaly detection, and continual or federated learning, where labeled data or stable representations may be limited. A central challenge is that a small set of prototypes can miss within-class variation or become unreliable under domain shift, so current methods increasingly refine, diversify, or calibrate prototypes while balancing accuracy, interpretability, and adaptation stability.

Latest papers

CardsList

39 papers6 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Refining Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation via Regional Semantics and Visual Prototypes

    Oct 22, 2026Aijing Yu, Zhengbo Wang, Lijun Sheng +2Open-Vocabulary Semantic SegmentationVision-Language Alignment

    School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences · NLPR & MAIS, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences +2

  2. ProtoGTX: Prototype-Aligned Graph Transformer for Explainable Whole-Slide Image Analysis

    Oct 16, 2026Iori Azuma, Hiroyuki Kusuhara, Tadahaya MizunoExplainable Medical Image AnalysisWhole-Slide Image Analysis

    Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan · The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tachikawa, Japan

  3. ProtoPur: Prototype-Purity Pseudo-Labeling for Weakly Supervised Instance Learning in Pathology

    Oct 11, 2026Chen Shu, Chengyang Zhang, Boyu Fu +5Weakly Supervised LearningComputational Pathology

    College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China · Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China · Pittsburgh Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China +1

  4. Few-Shot Prototype Head Adaptation for On-Device ECG Personalization on PSoC~6

    Oct 5, 2026Guilherme Silva, Pedro Silva, Gladston Moreira +1Prototype-Based LearningOn-Device Training

    Computing Department, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei – São João del-Rei, Brazil · Computing Department, Federal University of Ouro Preto – Ouro Preto, Brazil

  5. PCLM: Small-target localization with frozen CLIP via prototype contrast and local magnification

    Oct 4, 2026Zhipeng Ye, Feng Jiang, Qiufeng Wang +1Prototype-Based LearningSmall Object Detection

    Taizhou Institute of Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China · Department of Intelligence Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85705, AZ, USA

  6. Dual-Mode Low-Rank Learner with Bridge-Prototype Ensemble for Vision-Language Class-Incremental Learning

    Sep 29, 2026Chiyuan He, Zihuan Qiu, Fanman Meng +5Prototype-Based LearningLow-Rank Adaptation

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China · Qiyuan Lab, Beijing, China

  7. Query-Conditioned Prototype Adaptation for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning: Single-Query Inference, Controlled Comparisons, and Failure Modes

    Sep 25, 2026Rushab Rasik Karania, Tomas MaulSource-Free Cross-Domain Few-Shot LearningFew-Shot Learning

    School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor, Malaysia

  8. Purification and Regulation: Comorbidity-Aware Multi-Label Few-Shot Learning for Medical Image Classification

    Sep 18, 2026Ying-Chih Lin, Po-Chih Kuo, Yong-Sheng ChenFew-Shot LearningMulti-Label Classification

    Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan · Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan

  9. CircleMatch: Prototype Matching with Circular Temporal Statistics for Tiny Keyword Spotting

    Sep 17, 2026Jiajun Sun, Zhe GaoPrototype-Based LearningKeyword Spotting

    Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China

  10. SCORE: SubDistribution-aware Collaborative Knowledge Reinforcing for Cloth-Hybrid Lifelong Person Re-Identification

    Sep 11, 2026Kunlun Xu, Liangyu Ma, Jiangmeng Li +4Prototype-Based LearningCatastrophic Forgetting

    Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Intelligent Science & Technology Academy of CASIC, Beijing 100041, China

  11. Hierarchical Prototype-Memory Adaptation of SAM for Surgical Instrument Segmentation

    Aug 25, 2026Xinning Yao, Jingjing Wang, Jinghua Yue +3Vision Foundation Model AdaptationMedical Image Segmentation

    Image Processing Center, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.

  12. Geometric Regularization for Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning via Gaussian Feature Bridges

    Aug 21, 2026Hongyang He, Xinyuan Song, Yan Zhong +4Semi-Supervised LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom · Wuhan University, Wuhan, China · Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA +2

  13. Beyond L2L_2: Generalizing Abductive Latent Explanations to Diverse Prototype-Based Architectures

    Aug 17, 2026Jules Soria, Alban Grastien, Romain Xu-Darme +3Explainable Artificial IntelligenceNeural Network Interpretability

    Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, F-91120, Palaiseau, France

  14. FedVAR: Prototype-Aligned Federated Framework for Video Anomaly Recognition

    Aug 7, 2026Ghani Haider, Majid Kundroo, Boyun Eom +3Prototype-Based LearningNon-IID Federated Learning

    School of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, 34129, Republic of Korea · Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IAI), University of Central Florida, Orlando, 32816, USA

  15. SphereVideo: Prototype-anchored Hyperspherical Boundary for Continual AI-generated Video Detection

    Aug 2, 2026Fei Li, Yue Yu, Yuran Wang +3Prototype-Based LearningDeepfake Detection

    Fudan University Shanghai, China · Peking University Beijing, China

  16. From Classification to Regression: Using a Fruitfly to Solve Equations

    Jul 29, 2026Shady E. Ahmed, Panos StinisPrototype-Based LearningSurrogate Modeling

    Advanced Computing, Mathematics, and Data Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA 99354

  17. Embracing Intra-Class Heterogeneity for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation: From Diversity to Precision

    Jul 2, 2026Yuqi Liu, Yufei Chen, Wei Fu +2Prototype-Based LearningContrastive Learning

  18. Hierarchical Spatial and Channel Aggregation for Cross-domain Few-shot Segmentation

    Jun 23, 2026Sujun Sun, Mingwu Ren, Haofeng ZhangPrototype-Based LearningCross-Domain Generalization

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China · State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing of Advanced Construction Machinery, China

  19. Attention-Based Prototype Calibration for Multi-Rater Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation

    Jun 15, 2026Truong Vu, Minh Khoi Ho, Yutong XiePrototype-Based LearningInter-Rater Reliability

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence

  20. ProtoX-AD: Self-Explainable Time Series Anomaly Detection and Characterization

    Jun 11, 2026Aitor Sánchez-Ferrera, Elisabeth Wetzer, Kristoffer Wickstrøm +2Prototype-Based LearningLLM-Based Time Series Anomaly Detection

    aDepartment of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia, Spain · bDepartment of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

  21. Closing the Modality Gap in Zero-Shot HAR: Contrastive Training and Separability-Optimized Prototypes on IMU Data

    Jun 9, 2026Anik GhoshPrototype-Based LearningContrastive Learning

  22. GMBFormer: An NDVI-Guided Global Memory Bank Transformer for Urban Green-Space Extraction from Ultra-High-Resolution Imagery

    Jun 4, 2026Hao Lei, Xi Cheng, Chenlu Shu +4Prototype-Based LearningRemote Sensing Image Segmentation

    College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China · National Engineering Research Center for Geomatics, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

  23. Beyond Euclidean Prototypes: Spectral Disentanglement and Geodesic Matching for Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation

    May 18, 2026Penghao Jia, Zhiyong Huang, Mingyang Hou +4Prototype-Based LearningImage Segmentation

    School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China · Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center, and the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China

  24. Mechanism Learning: Prototype-Anchored Mechanism Inference for Scientific Forecasting

    May 16, 2026Qian Jiang, Liping SunPrototype-Based LearningNon-Stationary Time Series Forecasting

    School of Computing · The Australian National University · Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia +3

  25. Fuzzy Fingerprinting Encoder Pre-trained Language Models for Emotion Recognition in Conversations: Human Assessment and Validity Study

    May 4, 2026Patrícia Pereira, Helena Moniz, Joao Paulo CarvalhoPrototype-Based LearningClass-Imbalanced Learning

    Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, Lisbon, 1049-001, Portugal. · INESC-ID, Rua Alves Redol, 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal. · Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade, Lisbon, 1600-214, Portugal.

  26. Hyperspherical Forward-Forward with Prototypical Representations

    Apr 30, 2026Shalini Sarode, Brian Moser, Joachim Folz +4Prototype-Based LearningEfficient Neural Network Inference

    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) · RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau

  27. ProtoTTA: Prototype-Guided Test-Time Adaptation

    Apr 16, 2026Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi, Parvin Mousavi, Purang Abolmaesumi +1Prototype-Based LearningTest-Time Adaptation

    University of British Columbia · Queen’s University · Vector Institute

  28. UniSemAlign: Text-Prototype Alignment with a Foundation Encoder for Semi-Supervised Histopathology Segmentation

    Apr 10, 2026Le-Van Thai, Tien Dat Nguyen, Hoai Nhan Pham +3Histopathology Image SegmentationSemi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

    AI VIETNAM Lab, Vietnam · Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam

  29. VOLTA: The Surprising Ineffectiveness of Auxiliary Losses for Calibrated Deep Learning

    Apr 9, 2026Rahul D Ray, Utkarsh SrivastavaUncertainty QuantificationUncertainty Calibration

    Department of Electronics & Electrical Engineering BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus. · Department of Economics & Finance BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

  30. Prototype-Based Low Altitude UAV Semantic Segmentation

    Apr 2, 2026Da Zhang, Gao Junyu, Zhao ZhiyuanEfficient Semantic SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University · Institute of Artificial Intelligence (TeleAI), China Telecom