Overview

Lean theorem proving studies how to express mathematical claims in Lean and construct proof terms that its kernel can check. Systems combine tactic search, language models, Mathlib premise retrieval, proof decomposition, compiler feedback, and increasingly reinforcement learning or symbolic computation. Benchmarks such as miniF2F and PutnamBench show strong results on competition mathematics, while graduate-level and applied-domain problems remain harder and motivate larger, context-rich evaluations. A central challenge is that a checked proof establishes only the formal statement: ensuring that statement faithfully captures the intended mathematics, while controlling cost and generalizing beyond familiar benchmarks, remains difficult.

Latest papers

CardsList

123 papers26 papers in the last four weeks, up 225% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Hammering with Vampire in Lean

    Oct 29, 2026Jonas Bodingbauer, Laura KovácsAutomated Theorem ProvingLean Theorem Proving

  2. Scaling Lean Theorem Proving for Real-World Code Verification

    Oct 28, 2026Debargha Ganguly, Divya Raghunathan, Dejan Jovanović +6Lean Theorem ProvingFormal Verification

  3. count-catcher: Lean Theorems from Model Counting Certificates

    Oct 26, 2026Johannes K. Fichte, Stefan SzeiderFormal VerificationVerifiable Outsourced Computation

  4. Efficient Proof Generation for Lean Statements with Multiple Candidate Answers

    Oct 25, 2026Pengzhen Lin, Ke Zhang, Maziar Raissi +1Automated Theorem ProvingLLM Mathematical Reasoning

  5. h1: A Taste of the Bitter Lesson in Automated Theorem Proving

    Oct 25, 2026Skander Moalla, Ahmad Rammal, Niket Patel +2Large Language Model-Guided Theorem ProvingAutomated Theorem Proving

  6. Numina Fuse: Interactive Autoformalization in Lean 4

    Oct 24, 2026Justin Asher, Yichuan Cao, Ruichen Qiu +2AutoformalizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  7. SemantEq: Faithful Bidirectional Equivalence of Formal Statements

    Oct 23, 2026Xinrui Li, Pawan Sasanka Ammanamanchi, Siddharth Bhat +3Formal VerificationLean Theorem Proving

  8. Lean Finder V2: Semantic Search for Mathlib That Disambiguates User Queries

    Oct 22, 2026Jialin Lu, Xiaoyu Liu, Hengrui Luo +5Semantic SearchQuery Reformulation

  9. Maestro: Agentic Formal Proof Development by Coordination

    Oct 19, 2026Haoyu Li, Zeren Shui, Yuhao Zhang +4Large Language Model-Guided Theorem ProvingLean Theorem Proving

  10. Lean Graph Search for Formal Theorem Proving

    Oct 15, 2026Yihan Xu, Jia-Chen Gu, Junyi Zhang +7Graph-Based RetrievalLean Theorem Proving

  11. IneqAgent: Agentic Inequality Proving in Lean with Symbolic Computation

    Oct 14, 2026Gaolei He, Jinhui Li, Ruobing Zuo +2Lean Theorem ProvingLLM Mathematical Reasoning

  12. Definition Grounding in Theory-Level Auto-formalization

    Oct 13, 2026Leyan Pan, Christian Szegedy, Frederick Rajasekaran +3AutoformalizationLean Theorem Proving

  13. A dataset of formalised theorem statements from the Annals of Mathematics

    Oct 13, 2026Thomas Browning, Katerina Hristova, David Ledvinka +4AutoformalizationMathematical Reasoning Benchmarks

  14. Do Theorem Provers Need Theorem-Proving Agents? mini-Lean-agent: A Coding-Agent Baseline for Lean

    Oct 12, 2026Tomas Ortega, Simon Park, Ayush Khaitan +3Large Language Model-Guided Theorem ProvingAutomated Theorem Proving

  15. LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs

    Oct 8, 2026Nihal Jain, Shuangjie Yao, Begum Cicekdag +2Automated Theorem ProvingInference-Time Search

  16. NanoProof: Open and Efficient Automated Theorem Proving in Lean 4

    Oct 8, 2026Matěj Kripner, Milan StrakaAutomated Theorem ProvingLean Theorem Proving

  17. Cost-Efficient Theorem Proving via Agent Orchestration in Program Verification

    Oct 7, 2026Shuangjie Yao, Nikolaus Holzer, Mark Paul Santolucito +3Automated Theorem ProvingFormal Verification

  18. Let the Library Speak: Self-Advertised Method Selection for Formal Proving

    Oct 7, 2026Xiaopeng Yuan, Suijin Wang, Yanli Wang +5Automated Theorem ProvingLLM Mathematical Reasoning

  19. AIProver: Agentic Auto-Formalization of Mathematical Research via Certificate-Driven Evolving Harness

    Oct 4, 2026Prithwish Jana, Viet Bach Hoang, Logan Luna +9Mathematical Reasoning BenchmarksAutomated Theorem Proving

  20. Growing an Agent/Prover Interface: Evolutionary Tool Design for Cost-Efficient Theorem Proving in Rocq and Lean

    Sep 30, 2026Jules Viennot, Guillaume Baudart, Marc LelargeAutomated Theorem ProvingEvolutionary Optimization

  21. Fyan: A Human--AI Harness with Semantic Auditing for Document-Level Formalization

    Sep 30, 2026Wei Zhao, Yangshuo Zou, Chengxiang Ding +5Automated Theorem ProvingHuman-in-the-Loop AI

  22. LeanPolish: Verified Supervision for Lean Proof Compression

    Sep 29, 2026Pauline BourigaultLean Theorem Proving