Primal-Dual Optimization

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6 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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CERO: Where and When to Allocate Rollouts for RL Post-Training
Oct 7, 2026Yiming Zong, Yige Wang, Xing Hu +2Reinforcement Learning RL Post-Training
Department of Industrial Engineering & Decision Analytics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Innovation and Information Management, The University of Hong Kong · Faculty of Engineering & Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong
Neural Algorithmic Reasoning for Graph Saddle Point Problems
Oct 5, 2026Samantha Chen, Jesse He, Coleman Clougherty +2Primal-Dual Optimization Graph Neural Networks
Oberlin College · Department of Computer Science, Oberlin College · University of California, San Diego +2
Reinforcement Learning to Accelerate Primal-Dual Hybrid Gradient for Linear Programming
Oct 1, 2026Jinhwan Sul, Alex Oshin, Evangelos A. TheodorouPrimal-Dual Optimization Reinforcement Learning
Georgia Institute of Technology, USA
Learned Preconditioning for a Primal-Dual Interior-Point Method
Sep 28, 2026Abhinav Madabhushi, Jialin Liu, Minxin ZhangPrimal-Dual Optimization Learning to Optimize
Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles · School of Data, Mathematical, and Statistical Sciences, University of Central Florida
Predictive Dual Smoothing for Column Generation
Sep 28, 2026Senne Berden, Noah Schutte, Andrea Lodi +1Primal-Dual Optimization Linear Programming
KU Leuven · TU Delft · Cornell Tech
Annealed Sinkhorn with Momentum: Certified Unregularized Optimal Transport in Linear Memory
Sep 27, 2026Samuel J. K. Chin, Maximilian SchifferPrimal-Dual Optimization Optimal Transport
MIT · HEC Paris
Dual-guided Hierarchical Edge Localization for Large-scale Optimal Transport Across Dimensions
Sep 14, 2026Wenzhou Xia, Qiaoqiao Ding, Jingwei Liang +1Primal-Dual Optimization Optimal Transport
School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China · Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Input-to-State Stability Framework for Fully Distributed Primal-Dual Dynamics for Quadratic GNEPs Without Multiplier Consensus
Sep 7, 2026Shao-An YinPrimal-Dual Optimization Dynamical Systems
independent researcher
ContactIPM: A Structure-Exploiting Interior-Point Solver for Contact-Implicit Trajectory Optimization
Aug 12, 2026Yucheng ChenPrimal-Dual Optimization Trajectory Optimization
DualCert: A Solver for the Traveling Salesman Problem with Constraint-Coupled Learning
Aug 10, 2026Yancheng Song, Yongzhi Qi, Wei Qi +1Traveling Salesperson Problem Primal-Dual Optimization
Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China · JD.com, Beijing, China · College of Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Constrained Learning with Universally Learnable Concept Classes
Aug 9, 2026Herlock SeyedAbolfazl Rahimi, Spyridon Pougkakiotis, Dionysis KalogeriasPrimal-Dual Optimization Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces
1Yale University · 2King’s College London
Non-Asymptotic Variational Learning for Monotone Nonlinear Multiscale Elliptic Equations: Scale-Robust Primal-Dual Bounds and Strong-Form Statistical Ill-Conditioning
Jul 17, 2026Ronald KatendePrimal-Dual Optimization Neural PDE Solvers
Department of Mathematics Kabale University Kikungiri Hill, Katuna Road, Kabale, Uganda
Learned Pairwise Deep Dual-Optimal Inequalities for Stabilizing Column Generation
Jul 15, 2026Zhengzhong Ricky You, Bo Tang, Haoran Liu +1Primal-Dual Optimization Combinatorial Optimization
Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China · MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 100 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA · Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Nonconvex Composite Functional Constraints via First-Order Augmented Lagrangian Methods under Local Regularity
Jul 9, 2026Linglingzhi Zhu, Jiajin LiPrimal-Dual Optimization Nonconvex Optimization
H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. · Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Neural Certificate Pricing for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Jul 1, 2026Jingyi Chen, Xinyuan Zhang, Xinwu QianPrimal-Dual Optimization Unsupervised Learning
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX
Constrained Online Convex Optimization without Slater's Condition
Jun 30, 2026Kihyun Yu, Junehee Lee, Dabeen LeePrimal-Dual Optimization Online Convex Optimization
1KAIST · 2Seoul National University
AI-Assisted Discovery of Convex Relaxations via Dual Agents
Jun 30, 2026Sungyoon Kim, Mert PilanciPrimal-Dual Optimization AI Agents for Scientific Discovery
Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Constrained Diffusion Models with Primal-Dual Inference
Jun 15, 2026Samar Hadou, Yigit Berkay Uslu, Alejandro RibeiroPrimal-Dual Optimization Constrained Generative Modeling
Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania
Elastic ODYN: Differentiable Optimization for Infeasible Control and Learning in Robotics
Jun 15, 2026Aristotelis Papatheodorou, Jose Rojas, Ioannis Havoutis +1Robotic Control Primal-Dual Optimization
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK · Robot Motor Intelligence (RoMI) Lab, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
Quantized Stochastic Primal-Dual Methods for Distributed Optimization under Relaxed Global Geometry
Jun 9, 2026Susmit Sarkar, Abhinav Raghuvanshi, Kushal Chakrabarti +1Stochastic Optimization Primal-Dual Optimization
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India · Tata Consultancy Services Research, Thane, Maharashtra, India
Duality for Optimal Multi-Item, Multi-Bidder Auction Design: Revenue Certificates through Deep Learning
Jun 8, 2026Yanchen Jiang, David C. Parkes, Tonghan WangPrimal-Dual Optimization Game Theory
Harvard University, USA · College of AI, Tsinghua University, China
Parameter Tuning with Generalization Guarantees for GPU-Accelerated Linear Programming
Jun 7, 2026Siddharth Prasad, Dravyansh SharmaPrimal-Dual Optimization Constrained Optimization
Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago
Residual-Controlled Multiplier Learning for Stochastic Constrained Decision-Making
Jun 5, 2026Kang Liu, Jianchen Hu, Ziyu Qu +3Stochastic Optimization Primal-Dual Optimization
School of Future Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, China, 710049 · School of Automation Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an, China, 710049 · School of Mathematics and Physics China University of Geosciences Wuhan, China, 430074 +2
Unlearning in Diffusion Models: A Unified Framework with KL Divergence and Likelihood Constraints
May 29, 2026Shervin Khalafi, Alejandro Ribeiro, Dongsheng DingPrimal-Dual Optimization Diffusion Model Unlearning
University of Pennsylvania · University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Avoiding Structural Failure Modes in Tabular Fair SSL: Online Primal-Dual Allocation under Confidence Gating
May 15, 2026Hangchuan Liang, Changchun LiPrimal-Dual Optimization Group Fairness
College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, China · Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, China
Primal-Dual Policy Optimization for Linear CMDPs with Adversarial Losses
May 12, 2026Kihyun Yu, Seoungbin Bae, Dabeen LeePrimal-Dual Optimization Markov Decision Processes
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST · Department of Mathematical Sciences Seoul National University · Research Institute of Mathematics, Seoul National University; Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University; Korea Institute for Advanced Study
Primal-Dual Guided Decoding for Constrained Discrete Diffusion
May 10, 2026Federico Tomasi, Dmitrii Moor, Alice Wang +1Primal-Dual Optimization Constrained Generative Modeling
Spotify
Learning to Bid with Unknown Private Values in Budget-Constrained First-Price Auctions
May 10, 2026Zihao Hu, Yuxiao Wen, Yuan Yao +2Primal-Dual Optimization Constrained Optimization
Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Department of IEDA, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Stern School of Business, New York University
SHIELD: Scalable Optimal Control with Certification using Duality and Convexity
May 9, 2026Hansung Kim, Siddharth H. Nair, Francesco BorrelliPrimal-Dual Optimization Model Predictive Control
Model Predictive Control Laboratory, UC Berkeley · Nextracker Inc.
Matrix-Valued Optimism is Matrix-Valued Augmentation: Additive Hybrid Designs for Constrained Optimization
May 7, 2026Jiayi ZhaoPrimal-Dual Optimization Augmented Lagrangian Method
University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA

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CERO: Where and When to Allocate Rollouts for RL Post-Training

Yiming Zong, Yige Wang, Xing Hu, Jiashuo Jiang+1

Department of Industrial Engineering & Decision Analytics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Innovation and Information Management, The University of Hong Kong · Faculty of Engineering & Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Hong Kong

Reinforcement Learning RL Post-Training RL for Language Model Reasoning Group Relative Policy Optimization Primal-Dual Optimization

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Adaptive rollout methods for group-relative reinforcement learning typically allocate a fixed per-update budget across prompts. We instead study how to coordinate a finite rollout budget over the entire training horizon. We formulate this problem using a concave surrogate utility of cumulative prompt exposure and introduce CERO, an online primal dual scheduler for prompt admission and budget pacing. In our experiments, each admitted prompt receives a fixed-size response group. CERO instead adapts which prompts are selected, how often they are revisited across rounds, and how many groups are generated in each round. A compact Fenchel representation linearizes the dependence on cumulative exposure, while projected online gradient descent updates prompt-specific supporting slopes and a shared budget price using reward-variation feedback and budget deviations. We establish pathwise guarantees for the surrogate allocation objective against fixed-rate and same-path time-varying benchmarks, with explicit terms for proxy discrepancy and rate variation. Under matched training-response budgets, CERO attains the highest avg@16 macro-average on each of three backbones across five mathematical reasoning benchmarks. Mechanistic analyses link CERO's prompt choices to within-group reward contrast, while multi-seed ablations show gains from adaptive pacing over both uniform and preset spending schedules.

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