Feb 25, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save
Andrea Apicella, Francesco Isgrò, Andrea Pollastro, Roberto Prevete
Department of Information Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Applied Mathematics (DIEM), University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano (Salerno), 84084, Italy. · Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, Naples, 80125, Italy.
Checkpoint selection is a standard component of neural network training, yet the validation criterion used to select a checkpoint is often chosen heuristically. Moreover, the same criterion may be used either only to rank checkpoints after completion of a predefined training run or also to determine when training should stop, thereby affecting both the selected checkpoint and the set of checkpoints available for selection. In this work, we systematically investigate the role of validation criteria under these two settings. We separately vary the training loss, the validation criterion, and the target evaluation metric, and compare post-hoc checkpoint selection, in which training proceeds for all predefined epochs, with patience-based early stopping, in which the validation criterion also controls training termination. We consider three Cross-Entropy, C-Loss, and PolyLoss as training losses, and accuracy, macro-F1, and Matthews correlation coefficient as target metrics. Selection quality is assessed through the relative gap between the test performance of the validation-selected checkpoint and the best-observed test performance for the same target metric over the complete predefined training run.