Vehicle Routing

Vehicle routing studies how fleets can serve customers, move goods, or complete tasks efficiently while respecting constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, and battery range. Problems range from static delivery tours to dynamic ride-sharing, electric-vehicle charging, and coordinated truck-drone or warehouse-robot operations. Common approaches include exact optimization with branch-and-price, heuristics such as hybrid genetic search and adaptive large-neighborhood search, and neural or reinforcement-learning solvers, often combined with local search or mathematical optimization. A central challenge is balancing solution quality and feasibility with runtime and generalization to larger, changing, or unfamiliar settings, where learned methods do not always outperform strong heuristics.