Distill3R: A Pipeline for Democratizing 3D Foundation Models on Commodity Hardware
Organizations: Immersive and Creative Technologies Lab Concordia University Montreal, Canada
Abstract
While multi-view 3D reconstruction has shifted toward large-scale foundation models capable of inferring globally consistent geometry, their reliance on massive computational clusters for training has created a significant barrier to entry for most academic laboratories. To bridge this compute divide, we introduce Distill3R, a framework designed to distill the geometric reasoning of 3D foundation models into compact students fully trainable on a single workstation. Our methodology centers on two primary innovations: (1) an offline caching pipeline that decouples heavy teacher inference from the training loop through compressed supervision signals, and (2) a confidence-aware distillation loss that leverages teacher uncertainty to enable training on commodity hardware. We propose a 72M-parameter student model which achieves a 9x reduction in parameters and a 5x inference speedup compared to its 650M-parameter teacher. The student is fully trainable in under 3 days on a single workstation, whereas its teacher requires massive GPU clusters for up to a week. We demonstrate that the student preserves the structural consistency and qualitative geometric understanding required for functional 3D awareness. By providing a reproducible, single-workstation training recipe, Distill3R serves as an exploratory entry point for democratized 3D vision research and efficient edge deployment. This work is not intended to compete with state-of-the-art foundation models, but to provide an accessible research baseline for laboratories without access to large-scale compute to train and specialize models on their own domain-specific data at minimal cost.
Figures & tables
| Method | Time (s) | Mem (GB) | Time (s) | Mem (GB) | Time (s) | Mem (GB) | Time (s) | Mem (GB) | Time (s) | Mem (GB) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fast3R (Teacher) [ 9 ] | 0.32 | 6.86 | 1.14 | 12.11 | 3.26 | 21.11 | 6.35 | 32.36 | 10.11 | 44.36 |
| VGGT [ 10 ] | 0.59 | 15.28 | 2.28 | 33.98 | 6.40 | 38.41 | OOM | OOM | OOM | OOM |
| Distill3R (Ours) | 0.13 | 4.05 | 0.41 | 9.97 | 1.02 | 21.80 | 1.78 | 28.69 | 2.69 | 31.90 |
| 7-Scenes (OOD) | DTU (OOD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Acc | Comp | Scale | Acc | Comp | Scale |
| Fast3R (Teacher) [ 9 ] | 2.45 | 2.97 | 3.54 | 0.31 | 0.41 | 942.49 |
| Distill3R (Ours) | 8.76 | 8.88 | 1.62 | 1.16 | 1.77 | 394.59 |
| Configuration | Acc | Comp | Scale |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labels-Only (No Weighting/Conf) | 1.37 | 2.09 | 409.05 |
| w/o Weighting | 1.42 | 1.88 | 467.85 |
| Distill3R (Full) | 1.25 | 1.54 | 380.30 |
3D Foundation Models
3D foundation models learn reusable geometric and semantic representations for reconstruction, recognition, generation, and spatial reasoning.
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