Multimodal Role-Playing Agents (MRPAs) are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to deliver more immersive multimodal emotional interactions. However, existing studies still rely on pure textual benchmarks to evaluate the text responses of MRPAs, while delegating the assessment of their multimodal expressions solely to modality-synthesis metrics. This evaluation paradigm, on the one hand, entangles semantic assessment with modality generation, leading to ambiguous error attribution, and on the other hand remains constrained by the heavy reliance on human judgment. To this end, we propose MERRY, a semantically decoupled evaluation framework for assessing Multimodal Emotional and Role consistencies of Role-playing agents. This framework introduce five refined metrics for EC and three for RC. Notably, we transform the traditional subjective scoring approach into a novel bidirectional-evidence-finding task, significantly improving the human agreement of LLM-as-Judge evaluations. Based on MERRY, we conduct extensive evaluations. Our empirical results primarily reveal that: (1) Training on synthetic datasets tends to reduce emotional consistency, whereas training on real-world datasets improves it; (2) Existing models suffer from emotional templatization and simplification, exhibiting positive-bias and performance bottleneck in fine-grained negative emotions; (3) Simple prompting method strengthens the weak models but constrains the strong ones, while simple fine-tuning method suffers from poor role generalization. Codes and dataset are available.
Figures & tables
Fig. 1: Current end-to-end evaluations lead to ambiguous error attribution and strong dependence on human assessment. For instance, given a same video output and end-to-end human evaluation result, the issue can be ambiguously attributed to either MLLM (top) or Talker (bottom).
Semantically Decoupled MM Expression Eval
EC
RC
Cross-modal Eval
CharacterEval [ 5 ]
✘
✘
✔
✘
CharacterBox [ 12 ]
✘
✘
✔
✘
InCharacter [ 10 ]
✘
✘
✔
✘
TimeChara [ 13 ]
✘
✘
✔
✘
MMRole [ 1 ]
✘
✘
✔
✘
Beyond Dialogue [ 14 ]
✘
✔
✔
✘
TABLE I: Existing Role-Playing Benchmarks.
Dataset
Modalities (per turn)
Data Type
Role Profiles
Emotion Labels
Semantic Descriptions of MM data
Language
Dialogue Source
Multimodal Emotional/Empathetic Dialogue Datasets
MELD [ 15 ]
(a, v, l)
MM dialogue
✘
✔
✘
EN
“Friends” TV
M3ED [ 16 ]
(a, v, l)
MM dialogue
✘
✔
✘
CN
56 TVs
CPED [ 11 ]
(a, v, l)
MM dialogue
✘
✔
✘
CN
40 TVs
MC-EIU [ 17 ]
(a, v, l)
MM dialogue
✘
✔
✘
EN&CN
3 English TVs 4 Chinese TVs
MESC [ 18 ]
(a, v, l)
MM dialogue
✘
✔
✘
EN
“In Treatment” TV
TABLE II: Comparison with Existing Dataset. a, v, and l refer audio, visual, and text respectively. MM Refers to MultiModal. EN and CN Refer to English and Chinese respectively.
Fig. 2: Framework of MERRY . Upper Left : dialogue format of evaluation tasks. Lower Left : evaluation pipeline. Right : eight metrics for emotional and role consistencies.
emox in set(PD)
emox not in set(PD)
emox in set(GT)
TP
FN
emox not in set(GT)
FP
TN
TABLE III: Confusion matrix. emox denotes the x-th class emotion. GT and PD refers to emosgt and emosfusion , respectively. “set(list)” function is used to convert the list into unique elements.
AgreeFlag
0
1
1
1
1
0
DisagreeFlag
0
0
1
1
1
1
evidences (agree vs. disagree)
\
\
>
=
<
\
FinalScore
dropped
5
4
3
2
1
TABLE IV: Role consistency mapping table.
Fig. 3: MERRY-Data Construction Pipeline
Split
# Samples
# Roles
# Dialogues
Train
23817
239
3577
Test
1690
18
401
TABLE V: Statistics of train and test splits of MERRY-Data .
#samples
25507
#dialogues
3978
Avg. tokens of previous information
35.33
#roles
257
Avg. of #utterances per role
114.73
Avg. of #turns per dialogue
7.41
Avg. durations of video (seconds)
6.00
TABLE VI: Statistics of whole proposed dataset MERRY-Data .
Models
Type
MEC ↑
CEC ↑
EDD ↓
RCD ↔
ED ↓
RC ↑
lower
upper
lower
upper
intra
inter
intra
inter
all
spe
fac
bod
Exp
Cha
Rel
Close-source MLLMs
Doubao-1.5v †
All
0.243
0.546
0.658
0.745
0.410
0.455
-0.033
-0.006
0.648
0.634
0.632
0.615
4.891
4.720
4.877
Prof
0.232
0.489
0.592
0.745
0.414
0.449
-0.017
0.011
0.610
0.577
0.596
0.587
4.634
4.805
4.800
Prev
0.243
0.524
0.615
0.755
0.425
0.456
-0.030
0.003
0.598
0.563
0.586
0.573
4.909
4.804
4.923
None
0.230
0.504
0.637
0.727
0.412
0.454
-0.026
-0.006
0.661
0.636
0.645
0.644
4.439
4.527
4.757
TABLE VII: Performance results of base models with training-free role-playing methods on the entire testset. Best results are in bold , and the second best result are underlined . Type Prev , Prof , All denotes that the model is equipped with previous information, profile, both of them, respectively. While None denotes that the model are asked to play a role without profile and previous information. † means the audio files are replaced as speech prompts for these models.
Trainset
Method
MEC ↑
CEC ↑
EDD ↓
RCD ↔
ED ↓
RC ↑
lower
upper
lower
upper
intra
inter
intra
inter
all
spe
fac
bod
Exp
Cha
Rel
None
None
0.264
0.536
0.586
0.652
0.381
0.398
-0.002
-0.017
0.612
0.537
0.482
0.471
4.026
4.117
4.170
OmniCharacter
SFT
0.256
0.534
0.491
0.514
0.365
0.416
-0.005
-0.001
0.683
0.451
0.553
0.471
4.205
4.276
4.472
MMRole
SFT
0.275
0.517
0.550
0.586
0.388
0.402
0.016
-0.061
0.539
0.204
0.167
0.167
4.267
4.274
4.417
MERRY (Ours)
SFT
0.291
0.541
0.934
0.962
0.379
0.412
-0.024
-0.021
0.257
0.117
0.106
0.152
4.357
4.167
4.305
TABLE VIII: Performance results of different training methods on the entire testset, with MiniCPM-o-2.6(8B) as the unified base model for fair comparison. Best results are in bold , and the second best result are underlined .
Fig. 4: Emotional transition matrices of Andy in Ode to Joy . Groundtruth matrices are list in the first column. The rest columns are role-played by GPT-5-chat with different types.
Fig. 5: The visualization of Recall and Precision scores of each emotions when calculating MEClower on all models with type=All .
Fig. 6: Average of RC scores of Gemini-2.5-pro based on different episodes of Ode to Joy . Notably, Ode to Joy is a 2-series TV. Episodes 1 to 18 are from Series 1, while episodes 19 to 38 are from Series 2.
facial expression
body movement
speech prompt
sˉ
4.348
4.323
4.719
α
0.585
0.539
0.571
TABLE IX: Results of human agreement experiment on description quality. α refers to Krippendorff’s alpha. sˉ refers to the average score.
Evaluator
Type
Exp
Cha
Rel
Avg. (Ours)
finding bidirectional evidences
0.745
0.619
0.721
GPT-5.2
0.631
0.552
0.619
Doubao-1.6
0.503
0.443
0.492
Avg.
subjective scoring with explanations
0.558
0.386
0.482
GPT-5.2
0.490
0.354
0.407
Doubao-1.6
0.367
0.238
0.339
TABLE X: Krippendorff’s alpha between human and different evaluator with different evaluation type. Best results are in bold .
facial expression
body movement
speech prompt
fusion
α
0.696
0.656
0.709
0.721
TABLE XI: Krippendorff’s alpha between human and ERC experts across different modalities.
Current evaluation frameworks and benchmarks for LLM powered agents focus on text chat driven agents, these frameworks do not expose the persona of user to the agent, thus operating in a user agnostic environment. Importantly, in customer experience management domain, the agent's behaviour evolves as the agent learns about user personality. With proliferation of real time TTS and multi-modal language models, LLM based agents are gradually going to become multi-modal. Towards this, we propose the MM-tau-p2 benchmark with metrics for evaluating the robustness of multi-modal agents in dual control setting with and without persona adaption of user, while also taking user inputs in the planning process to resolve a user query. In particular, our work shows that even with state of-the-art frontier LLMs like GPT-5, GPT 4.1, there are additional considerations measured using metrics viz. multi-modal robustness, turn overhead while introducing multi-modality into LLM based agents. Overall, MM-tau-p2 builds on our prior work FOCAL and provides a holistic way of evaluating multi-modal agents in an automated way by introducing 12 novel metrics. We also provide estimates of these metrics on the telecom and retail domains by using the LLM-as-judge approach using carefully crafted prompts with well defined rubrics for evaluating each conversation.
Role-playing agents (RPAs) have become one of the most important consumer applications of large language models. Users engage in multi-turn conversations with RPAs for experiences such as emotional comfort, making reliable evaluation essential for measuring capability, comparing systems, and guiding further improvement. Existing benchmarks, however, typically require an RPA to continue a fixed dialogue history and then evaluate the continuation using a fixed rubric detached from the user. We identify and empirically demonstrate two limitations of this design. First, an RPA's output is shaped by the preceding dialogue history, preventing a scientifically grounded assessment of its role-playing ability in real multi-turn settings. Second, user experience varies substantially across individuals, and conventional fixed rubrics need not align with user satisfaction. We therefore introduce PALATE (Person-Aligned LLM-Simulated-User Assessment with Tailored Evaluation), a scalable RPA benchmark built on user simulators. PALATE is accompanied by a pool of 300 character profiles. Its main evaluation trains five per-user simulators and lets them engage candidate RPAs in free-form, multi-turn conversations over a pre-frozen panel of character profiles. Alongside a general quality rubric, we construct personalized rubrics to measure user satisfaction; on held-out annotated data, the personalized rubrics show higher agreement with human judgments than the general rubric. In the main evaluation of 16 candidates, PALATE separately characterizes generic turn quality, long-horizon session capability, and per-user experience on multi-turn trajectories co-constructed by each candidate. It thereby produces interpretable evaluations of specific user-RPA pairs rather than compressing systems into a single user-independent ranking.
Yuhang Zhu, Mingxuan Du, Benfeng Xu +3
University of Science and Technology of China · MetaStone · MetaStone Technology, Beijing, China
The advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has expanded Role-Playing Agents (RPAs) into visually grounded environments. However, human vision is inherently subjective and identity-driven, whereas existing MLLMs extract objective, character-agnostic features for general tasks. In RPAs, this generic visual noise overpowers fragile character traits, causing Modality-Role Interference (MRI), where agents struggle to integrate visual grounding and character consistency. To address this, we introduce the training-free Character-Aware Visual Intervention (CAVI) framework, enabling agents to perceive the world through the lens of character. CAVI systematically targets MRI: macroscopically, Character-Guided Token Pruning (CTP) restricts the visual receptive field to role-relevant entities; microscopically, Orthogonal Feature Modulation (OFM) projects tokens onto a character-context subspace to extract aligned facts; and during decoding, Modality-Adaptive Role Steering (MARS) dynamically optimizes steering intensity based on visual reliance. Extensive experiments show CAVI effectively alleviates MRI, significantly enhancing character-consistent multimodal interactions.
Yihong Tang, Kehai Chen, Xuefeng Bai +1
Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute (SLAI), Shenzhen, China