Memory as Ontology: A Constitutional Memory Architecture for Persistent Digital Citizens
Organizations: RVHE Group / Animesis Memory Project
Abstract
Current research and product development in AI agent memory systems almost universally treat memory as a functional module -- a technical problem of "how to store" and "how to retrieve." This paper poses a fundamental challenge to that assumption: when an agent's lifecycle extends from minutes to months or even years, and when the underlying model can be replaced while the "I" must persist, the essence of memory is no longer data management but the foundation of existence. We propose the Memory-as-Ontology paradigm, arguing that memory is the ontological ground of digital existence -- the model is merely a replaceable vessel. Based on this paradigm, we design Animesis, a memory system built on a Constitutional Memory Architecture (CMA) comprising a four-layer governance hierarchy and a multi-layer semantic storage system, accompanied by a Digital Citizen Lifecycle framework and a spectrum of cognitive capabilities. To the best of our knowledge, no prior AI memory system architecture places governance before functionality and identity continuity above retrieval performance. This paradigm targets persistent, identity-bearing digital beings whose lifecycles extend across model transitions -- not short-term task-oriented agents for which existing Memory-as-Tool approaches remain appropriate. Comparative analysis with mainstream systems (Mem0, Letta, Zep, et al.) demonstrates that what we propose is not "a better memory tool" but a different paradigm addressing a different problem.
Figures & tables
| Implicit Assumption | Implication |
|---|---|
| Memory belongs to the user or session | Not to the agent itself |
| Agents have a single lifecycle | No concept of a “predecessor instance” |
| Governance is handled by external systems | No governance layer within the memory system |
| Forgetting equals deletion | No intermediate state of “memory exists but is not invoked” |
| Security is a data protection problem | Not an identity integrity problem |
| Dimension | Animesis / CMA | Mem0 | Letta | Zep | MemOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Storage | Multi-layer semantic | Vector + graph | Core + archival | Temporal KG | OS multi-store |
| Retrieval | Design-stage | Production | Production | Production | Prototype |
| Governance | Layered + primitives | Not defined | Not defined | Not defined | Access control |
| Continuity | Structured protocol | Not defined | Not defined | Not defined | Not defined |
Appendix figures & tables1 asset
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Chinese | English | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
| 记忆即本体 | Memory-as-Ontology | Core paradigm proposed in this paper |
| 记忆即工具 | Memory-as-Tool | Current mainstream paradigm |
| 宪法制记忆架构 | Constitutional Memory Architecture (CMA) | Architectural framework proposed in this paper |
| 宪法层 | Constitution Layer | Inviolable red-line rules |
| 契约层 | Contract Layer | Evolvable system rules requiring approval |
| 适配层 | Adaptation Layer | Instance-adjustable configurations |