ENIGMA-360: An Ego-Exo Dataset for Human Behavior Understanding in Industrial Scenarios
Organizations: Next Vision s.r.l. - Spinoff of the University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Abstract
Understanding human behavior from complementary egocentric (ego) and exocentric (exo) points of view enables the development of systems that can support workers in industrial environments and enhance their safety. However, progress in this area is hindered by the lack of datasets capturing both views in realistic industrial scenarios. To address this gap, we propose ENIGMA-360, a new ego-exo dataset acquired in a real industrial scenario. The dataset is composed of 180 egocentric and 180 exocentric procedural videos temporally synchronized offering complementary information of the same scene. The 360 videos have been labeled with temporal and spatial annotations, enabling the study of different aspects of human behavior in industrial domain. We provide baseline experiments for 3 foundational tasks for human behavior understanding: 1) Temporal Action Segmentation, 2) Keystep Recognition and 3) Egocentric Human-Object Interaction Detection, showing the limits of state-of-the-art approaches on this challenging scenario. These results highlight the need for new models capable of robust ego-exo understanding in real-world environments. We publicly release the dataset and its annotations at https://fpv-iplab.github.io/ENIGMA-360/.
Figures & tables
| Dataset | Year | Video? | Multi-View? | Settings | Hours | Sequences | Subjects |
| ADL Pirsiavash and Ramanan (2012) | 2012 | ✓ | X | Daily activities | 10 | 20 | 20 |
| EGTEA Gaze+ Li et al. (2020b) | 2017 | ✓ | X | Cooking activities | 28 | 86 | 32 |
| THU-READ Tang et al. (2017) | 2019 | ✓ | X | Daily activities | 224 | 1920 | 8 |
| GUN-71 Rogez et al. (2015) | 2015 | X | X | Daily activities | N/A | N/A | 8 |
| EPIC-KITCHENS-VISOR Darkhalil et al. (2022) | 2022 | ✓ | X | Kitchen activities | 100 | 700 | 45 |
| HOI4D Liu et al. (2022) | 2022 | ✓ | X | Objects manipulation | 22 | 4000 | N/A |
| ID | Keystep | ID | Keystep |
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | Press the two green buttons on panel A | 035 | Randomly rotates the position knob |
| 002 | Moves to the workbench and sits down | 036 | Uses the probe tip at test point 3 |
| 003 | Takes the high-voltage card | 037 | Uses the probe tip at test point 4 |
| 004 | Places the card on the work area | 038 | Uses the probe tip at test point 5 |
| 005 | Connects battery to screwdriver | 039 | Uses the probe tip at test point 7 |
| 006 | Removes screws with screwdriver | 040 | Disconnects ground clip and probe |
| Approach | Precision | Recall | F1 | Acc | IoU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TimeSformer (EGO) Bertasius et al. (2021) | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
| TimeSformer (EXO) Bertasius et al. (2021) | 0.50 | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.47 | 0.32 |
| Approach | Annotation Type | Overall | Hand | Hand+Side | Hand+Contact | Object |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Darkhalil et al. (2022) | Mask | 63.84 | 85.01 | 81.05 | 52.32 | 51.35 |
| Baseline w Label Propagation Leonardi et al. (2025) | Mask | 64.55 | 85.75 | 82.51 | 52.59 | 53.24 |
| Baseline Leonardi et al. (2024) | Bounding box | 46.24 | 90.81 | 90.35 | 46.51 | 46.24 |
Video Understanding
Video understanding develops methods for recognizing actions, tracking events, grounding evidence in time, and reasoning across visual and audio streams.
See all 116 papers