cs.SDMar 9, 2026

Patient-Level Multimodal Question Answering from Multi-Site Auscultation Recordings

Authors: Fan Wu, Tsai-Ning Wang, Nicolas Zumarraga, Ning Wang, Markus Kreft, Kevin O'Sullivan, Elgar Fleisch, Oliver Aalami, +3 more

Organizations: Agentic Systems Lab, ETH Zurich Switzerland · Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands · Centre for Digital Health Interventions, ETH Zurich · Centre for Digital Health Interventions, University of St. Gallen Switzerland · Stanford Mussallem Center for Biodesign, Stanford University USA

Abstract

Auscultation is a vital diagnostic tool, yet its utility is often limited by subjective interpretation. While general-purpose Audio-Language Models (ALMs) excel in general domains, they struggle with the nuances of physiological signals. We propose a framework that aligns multi-site auscultation recordings directly with a frozen Large Language Model (LLM) embedding space via gated cross-attention. By leveraging the LLM's latent world knowledge, our approach moves beyond isolated classification toward holistic, patient-level assessment. On the CaReSound benchmark, our model achieves a state-of-the-art 0.865 F1-macro and 0.952 BERTScore. We demonstrate that lightweight, domain-specific encoders rival large-scale ALMs and that multi-site aggregation provides spatial redundancy that mitigates temporal truncation. This alignment of medical acoustics with text foundations offers a scalable path for bridging signal processing and clinical assessment.

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