cs.LGMar 17, 2026

MetaClaw: Just Talk -- An Agent That Meta-Learns and Evolves in the Wild

Authors: Peng Xia, Jianwen Chen, Xinyu Yang, Haoqin Tu, Jiaqi Liu, Kaiwen Xiong, Siwei Han, Shi Qiu, 

Organizations: UNC-Chapel Hill · Carnegie Mellon University · UC Santa Cruz · UC Berkeley

Abstract

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly used for complex tasks, yet deployed agents often remain static, failing to adapt as user needs evolve. This creates a tension between the need for continuous service and the necessity of updating capabilities to match shifting task distributions. On platforms like OpenClaw, which handle diverse workloads across 20+ channels, existing methods either store raw trajectories without distilling knowledge, maintain static skill libraries, or require disruptive downtime for retraining. We present MetaClaw, a continual meta-learning framework that jointly evolves a base LLM policy and a library of reusable behavioral skills. MetaClaw employs two complementary mechanisms. Skill-driven fast adaptation analyzes failure trajectories via an LLM evolver to synthesize new skills, enabling immediate improvement with zero downtime. Opportunistic policy optimization performs gradient-based updates via cloud LoRA fine-tuning and Reinforcement Learning with a Process Reward Model (RL-PRM). This is triggered during user-inactive windows by the Opportunistic Meta-Learning Scheduler (OMLS), which monitors system inactivity and calendar data. These mechanisms are mutually reinforcing: a refined policy generates better trajectories for skill synthesis, while richer skills provide higher-quality data for policy optimization. To prevent data contamination, a versioning mechanism separates support and query data. Built on a proxy-based architecture, MetaClaw scales to production-size LLMs without local GPUs. Experiments on MetaClaw-Bench and AutoResearchClaw show that skill-driven adaptation improves accuracy by up to 32% relative. The full pipeline advances Kimi-K2.5 accuracy from 21.4% to 40.6% and increases composite robustness by 18.3%. Code is available at https://github.com/aiming-lab/MetaClaw.

Figures & tables

Appendix figures & tables1 asset

Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.

Appendix

Explore similar work

CardsList
  1. SkillClaw: Let Skills Evolve Collectively with Agentic Evolver

    Apr 9, 2026Ziyu Ma, Shidong Yang, Yuxiang Ji +5LLM Agent Skill LearningLLM Agent Self-Improvement

  2. SkillAdaptor: Self-Adapting Skills for LLM Agents from Trajectories

    May 31, 2026Zhuoyun Yu, Xin Xie, Wuguannan Yao +4LLM Agent Skill LearningFailure Attribution for LLM Agents

  3. ClawLoop: Self-Improving Agents via Harness-Native Training Loop

    Oct 9, 2026Hansi Yang, Linji Hao, Hongyan Hao +4LLM Agent TrainingSelf-Improving Agents