Multilingual KokoroChat: A Multi-LLM Ensemble Translation Method for Creating a Multilingual Counseling Dialogue Dataset
Organizations: The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1, Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
Abstract
To address the critical scarcity of high-quality, publicly available counseling dialogue datasets, we created Multilingual KokoroChat by translating KokoroChat, a large-scale manually authored Japanese counseling corpus, into both English and Chinese. A key challenge in this process is that the optimal model for translation varies by input, making it impossible for any single model to consistently guarantee the highest quality. In a sensitive domain like counseling, where the highest possible translation fidelity is essential, relying on a single LLM is therefore insufficient. To overcome this challenge, we developed and employed a novel multi-LLM ensemble method. Our approach first generates diverse hypotheses from multiple distinct LLMs. A single LLM then produces a high-quality translation based on an analysis of the respective strengths and weaknesses of all presented hypotheses. The quality of ``Multilingual KokoroChat'' was rigorously validated through human preference studies. These evaluations confirmed that the translations produced by our ensemble method were preferred from any individual state-of-the-art LLM. This strong preference confirms the superior quality of our method's outputs. The Multilingual KokoroChat is available at https://github.com/UEC-InabaLab/MultilingualKokoroChat.
Figures & tables
| Dataset | Method | Open-source | Language | Dialogues | Avg. utterances |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HealMe Xiao et al. (2024) | LLM | ✓ | En | 1,300 | 6.0 |
| ESD-CoT Zhang et al. (2024) | LLM | ✓ | En | 1,708 | 23.4 |
| C actus Lee et al. (2024) | LLM | ✓ | En | 31,577 | 31.5 |
| SMILECHAT Qiu et al. (2024) | LLM | ✓ | Zh | 55,165 | 33.2 |
| A ug ESC Zheng et al. (2023) | LLM | ✓ | En | 65,000 | 26.7 |
| Anno-MI Wu et al. (2022) | Human | ✓ | En | 133 | 72.9 |
| # Data Description |
| – This is Japanese text counseling data from role-playing sessions where counselors acted as both counselor and client. |
| – Each line is separated by a colon (’:’). The left side indicates the role name, and the right side is the utterance. |
| # Translation Instructions |
| – As a professional translator, translate this data into {target language} . |
| – For the translation, please use polite and natural expressions that are appropriate for a counseling context. |
| # Data Description |
| – This data includes Japanese text counseling data and its { target language } translation candidates. |
| – Japanese text counseling data was collected through role-playing between counselors acting as counselor and client. |
| # Input Data Format |
| – The input is a list of dictionary objects. |
| ## Keys of each dictionary |
| System | MetricX↓ | XCOMET↑ |
|---|---|---|
| GPT | 3.409 ∗ | 0.921 ∗ |
| Gemini | 3.356 ∗ | 0.927 ∗ |
| Grok | 3.369 ∗ | 0.927 |
| Proposed | 3.345 | 0.926 |
| System | MetricX↓ | XCOMET↑ |
|---|---|---|
| GPT | 2.547 ∗ | 0.859 ∗ |
| Gemini | 2.483 ∗ | 0.870 ∗ |
| Qwen | 2.476 ∗ | 0.871 |
| Proposed | 2.445 | 0.871 |
Appendix figures & tables2 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
Machine Translation
Machine translation develops computational methods for converting text, speech, and visual content between languages while preserving meaning and purpose.
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