LaScA: Language-Conditioned Scalable Modelling of Affective Dynamics
Organizations: Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus
Abstract
Predicting affect in unconstrained environments remains a fundamental challenge in human-centered AI. While deep neural embeddings dominate contemporary approaches, they often lack interpretability and limit expert-driven refinement. We propose a novel framework that uses Language Models (LMs) as semantic context conditioners over handcrafted affect descriptors to model changes in Valence and Arousal. Our approach begins with interpretable facial geometry and acoustic features derived from structured domain knowledge. These features are transformed into symbolic natural-language descriptions encoding their affective implications. A pretrained LM processes these descriptions to generate semantic context embeddings that act as high-level priors over affective dynamics. Unlike end-to-end black-box pipelines, our framework preserves feature transparency while leveraging the contextual abstraction capabilities of LMs. We evaluate the proposed method on the Aff-Wild2 and SEWA datasets for affect change prediction. Experimental results show consistent improvements in accuracy for both Valence and Arousal compared to handcrafted-only and deep-embedding baselines. Our findings demonstrate that semantic conditioning enables interpretable affect modelling without sacrificing predictive performance, offering a transparent and computationally efficient alternative to fully end-to-end architectures
Figures & tables
| Model | Backbone | Pooling | Dim |
|---|---|---|---|
| all-mpnet-base-v2 | MPNet | Mean | 768 |
| multi-qa-mpnet-base-dot-v1 | QAMPNet | CLS | 768 |
| all-distilroberta-v1 | DistilRoBERTa | Mean | 768 |
| all-MiniLM-L12-v2 | MiniLM | Mean | 384 |
| multi-qa-distilbert-cos-v1 | DistilBERT | Mean | 768 |
| Visual | Backbone | Pooling | Dim |
| VGGFace2 | CNN | Global Avg Pool | 2048 |
| SwinFace | Swin Transformer | Token Pooling | 768 |
| MAE-Face | Transformer (MAE) | CLS Token | 768 |
| Audio | Backbone | Pooling | Dim |
| Wav2Vec2 | Wav2Vec2 Base | Mean over frames | 768 |
| MAE-Audio | Transformer (MAE) | CLS / Global Pool | 512 |
| Arousal | Valence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | Model | 3s | 5s | 3s | 5s | ||||
| 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | ||
| Visual | Features | 0.65 | 0.59 | 0.69 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.63 |
| MPNet | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.58 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.66 | |
| QAMPNet | 0.56 | 0.51 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.67 | |
| DRoBERTa | 0.58 | 0.50 | 0.62 | 0.64 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.59 | 0.65 | |
| Arousal | Valence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | Model | 3s | 5s | 3s | 5s | ||||
| 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | ||
| Visual | Features | 0.51 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
| MPNet | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.68 | 0.57 | 0.63 | 0.61 | 0.74 | |
| QAMPNet | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.55 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.70 | |
| DRoBERTa | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.53 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.69 | |
| Arousal | Valence | ||||||||
| Modality | Model | 3s | 5s | 3s | 5s | ||||
| 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | ||
| Visual | VGGFace2 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.66 | 0.71 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
| SwinFace | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.69 | 0.73 | |
| MAE-Face | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.71 | |
| LaScA (ours) | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.74 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.74 | |
| Arousal | Valence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Modality | Model | 3s | 5s | 3s | 5s | ||||
| 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | ||
| Visual | VGGFace2 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.69 | 0.79 |
| SwinFace | 0.67 | 0.70 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.73 | 0.82 | |
| MAE-Face | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.81 | |
| LaScA (ours) | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.64 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.78 | 0.72 | 0.83 | |
| Arousal | Valence | ||||||||
| Multimodal | LaScA | 3s | 5s | 3s | 5s | ||||
| 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | 10% | 20% | ||
| MPNet(F) | Feature | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
| LLM (ours) | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.58 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.61 | |
| DRoBERTa(F) | Feature | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.66 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 |
| LLM (ours) | 0.65 | 0.70 | 0.67 | 0.74 | 0.59 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.63 | |
Appendix figures & tables3 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Feature Name | Semantic Label |
|---|---|
| mfcc_0 | high arousal energy |
| mfcc_1 | dominant low tone |
| mfcc_2 | neutral stability |
| mfcc_3 | tense vocal focus |
| mfcc_4 | clear controlled tone |
| mfcc_5 | urgent brightness |
| Feature Name | Semantic Label |
|---|---|
| Face_browDownLeft | left brow down focused irritation |
| Face_browDownRight | right brow down skeptical tension |
| Face_browInnerUp | inner brows up sad vulnerability |
| Face_browOuterUpLeft | left outer brow up curious surprise |
| Face_browOuterUpRight | right outer brow up questioning surprise |
| Face_cheekPuff | cheeks puff held frustration |