Neuroimaging

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Overview

Neuroimaging studies the brain using modalities such as MRI, functional MRI, diffusion imaging, PET, EEG, and MEG, to understand brain organization and support diagnosis and treatment. Methods range from image registration, segmentation, and signal modeling to machine learning that predicts clinical outcomes or decodes responses to stimuli; newer work also combines modalities and models brain changes over time. Self-supervised and foundation models, generative methods, and graph-based analyses are being explored to make better use of large, heterogeneous datasets and capture brain structure and dynamics. A central challenge is whether gains on familiar datasets generalize across scanners, sites, and populations while producing reliable, interpretable results that can be validated in clinical settings.

Latest papers

CardsList

235 papers30 papers in the last four weeks, up 15% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Toward Clinical Translation of Deep Learning-Based Intracranial Super-Resolution 4D Flow MRI Using Multi-Cohort Transfer Learning

    Oct 26, 2026Oliver Welin Odeback, Susanne Schnell, Patrick Winter +5Medical Image Super-ResolutionMagnetic Resonance Imaging

    Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. · Department of Medical Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. · Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. +3

  2. ZoomSEM: accelerating large-scale brain connectomics with intelligent SEM super-resolution

    Oct 24, 2026Jiateng Shou, Zhiwei Xiong, Ruikang Xu +10Image Super-ResolutionNeuroimaging

    MoE Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Intelligent Perception and Cognition, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China. · Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Intelligent Processing, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China. · Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. +1

  3. Brain2Vec: A Self-Supervised 3D Foundation Model for Structural Brain MRI

    Oct 20, 2026Spiros Maggioros, Guray Erus, Gareth Harman +4Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsMedical Image Representation Learning

    University of Pennsylvania

  4. Inferring continuous cognitive traits from limited neuroimaging data using pairwise convolutional neural networks

    Oct 20, 2026Marjan Rashidi, Robert Bain, Craig Stark +3NeuroimagingConvolutional Neural Networks

    Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine · Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine · Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara

  5. Cross-disorder Learning of Imaging-derived Joint Mophometric Markers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

    Oct 19, 2026Yuji Zhao, Boris GutmanParkinson's Disease ClassificationMedical Diagnosis

    Laboratory for Modeling and Computation in Imaging and Genetics (LAMCIG), Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  6. Residual-Guided Adaptive Tucker Rank Allocation for Parameter-Efficient MCI Conversion Prediction

    Oct 19, 2026Guanghua He, Hancan Zhu, Gaohang Yu +1Adaptive Rank AllocationParameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning

    Department of Mathematics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China · School of Mathematics, Physics and Information, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China · Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China

  7. Multimodal-Conditioned Latent Diffusion Models for Spatiotemporal Brain MRI Forecasting

    Oct 18, 2026Antonio Scardace, Silvia Ingala, Sebastiano Battiato +1Brain MRIAlzheimer's Disease Progression Prediction

    University of Catania · Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet · Copenhagen University Hospital – Herlev and Gentofte +2

  8. GLOW: General Linear Models Optimized with Ward's Method

    Oct 16, 2026Matt HiggerNeuroimagingHierarchical Clustering

    Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA

  9. dMRI-F: A Foundation Model for Generalizable Diffusion MRI Analysis from Sparse Acquisitions

    Oct 13, 2026Xi Zhu, Yijie Li, Xiaofan Wang +4Diffusion MRIMedical Imaging Foundation Models

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

  10. GeoNIRS: Geometry-Aware Pretraining for Heterogeneous fNIRS Representation Learning

    Oct 13, 2026Zongsheng Li, Shengyuan Zhu, Zimo Zhang +3Representation LearningNeuroimaging

    Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China · Omni-Intelligence, Shenzhen, China +1

  11. MAGNET: Manifold-Aware Graph Diffusion Network for Connectome Generation

    Oct 12, 2026Protyay Dey, Ayush Roy, Hyuna Cho +2Functional ConnectivityNeuroimaging

    University at Buffalo, SUNY, USA · National Institutes of Health, USA · POSTECH, South Korea

  12. DWI Connectome-based Sex Classification in Young using Supervised Variational Autoencoder

    Oct 12, 2026Aditya Kothapalli, Aaryan Gera, Sathvik Reddy +3ClassificationNeuroimaging

    Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India · Vision and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India · Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Amrita School of Artificial Intelligence, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, India +1

  13. StimFlow: Synthesizing Brain Activity from Images via Stimulus-conditioned Flow Matching

    Oct 11, 2026Bui Van Hung, Dang Thanh Vu, Hoang-Son Vo +3NeuroimagingFlow-Based Generative Modeling

    Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea · AISEED, Inc., South Korea · Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam +1

  14. MultiFlow: Vision-Driven Multimodal fMRI Encoding via Stimulus-Informed Source Flow Matching

    Oct 11, 2026Bui Van Hung, Hoang-Son Vo, Mai Duc Minh Huy +2NeuroimagingFlow-Based Generative Modeling

    Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea · Ho Chi Minh University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · AISEED, Inc., South Korea

  15. Neurons++: A Unified Visual-Stream Framework for Image and Video Reconstruction from fMRI with Neural-to-Visual Interpretability

    Oct 9, 2026Haonan Wang, Yuchen Wang, Jingyu Lu +4fMRI-Based Visual DecodingNeural Decoding

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute, Shenzhen, China

  16. Identity-Duplication Auditing in National-Scale Neuroimaging Repositories

    Oct 7, 2026Jiheng Li, Michael E. Kim, Trent M. Schwartz +19NeuroimagingBrain MRI

    HABS-HD · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · AI2D Center for AI and Data Science for Integrated Diagnostics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA +2

  17. MovieSTAGE: Scene, Transition, and Global Encoding for Movie-fMRI ADHD Classification

    Oct 7, 2026Boseong Kim, Haejun Chung, Ikbeom JangBrain Disorder ClassificationNeuroimaging

    Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea

  18. CANDLE: Cortical Null-Space Decomposition for Noninvasive Brain Source Imaging

    Oct 6, 2026Shuntaro Suzuki, Yuiga Wada, Komei SugiuraElectroencephalographyNeuroimaging

    Keio University

  19. SimCortex v2: Joint Cortical Surface Reconstruction with Near-Zero Collisions and Self-Intersections

    Oct 5, 2026Kaveh Moradkhani, Sylvain Bouix3D Reconstruction3D Mesh Reconstruction

  20. MS-Exam-Gen: An Automatic Benchmark Construction Toolkit for Evaluating LLMs on Multiple Sclerosis-MRI Imaging Knowledge

    Oct 5, 2026Abdul Basit, Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Muhammad ShafiqueLLM EvaluationSynthetic Benchmark Generation

    eBRAIN Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, UAE

  21. CoHyFuse: Condition-wise Hypergraph Fusion with Global Connectome in Task-fMRI

    Oct 5, 2026Boseong Kim, Haejun Chung, Ikbeom JangFunctional ConnectivityNeuroimaging

    Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea

  22. fMRI-TAMCL: Text-Anchored Supervised Multimodal Contrastive Learning for fMRI-Based Brain Disorder Classification

    Oct 5, 2026Juliana Mantebea Danso, Enoch Opanin Gyamfi, Mylene C. Q. FariasNeuroimagingMultimodal Contrastive Learning

    Department of Computer Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA · University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana

  23. Riemannian Shape Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Kendall Space: Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

    Oct 4, 2026Olakunle S. Abawonse, Fatou FallAlzheimer's DiseaseStatistical Shape Modeling

    African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Rwanda · African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Senegal

  24. WASP: Weakly Aligned Spatiotemporal Pairs for Fetal Brain MRI-Ultrasound Learning

    Oct 3, 2026Francesco Correnti, Gabriele Magrini, Marco Mistretta +6Fetal MRICross-Modal Alignment

    University of Florence, Italy · University of Trento, Italy · Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy

  25. FiberGeoText: A Vision-Language Model for Population- Level Organization of Superficial White Matter

    Oct 2, 2026Yuqian Chen, R. Jarrett Rushmore, Guikun Chen +5NeuroimagingMedical Image Representation Learning

    Department of Radiology, Mass General Brigham, Boston MA, USA · Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA · Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston MA, USA +2

  26. A foundation for systematic analysis of transformers and RNNs for tractography

    Oct 1, 2026Emmanuelle Renauld, Philippe Poulin, Hugo Larochelle +2Recurrent Neural NetworksRecurrent Transformers

    Computer Sciences Department, Université de Sherbrooke · Mila, Université de Montréal · Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

  27. Deep Learning for Longitudinal Medical Imaging: A Scoping Review

    Sep 29, 2026Francesca Mussa, Divyanshu Tak, Atlas H. Avval +5Longitudinal Medical Image AnalysisMedical Image Classification

    Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM) Program, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States · Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States · Center for Intelligent Imaging, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) +3

  28. BrainNet Studio: A Unified Toolkit for Brain Network Construction, Intelligent Analysis, and Visualization

    Sep 29, 2026Xiwei Zeng, Shengrong Li, Yiheng Liu +3Functional ConnectivityNeuroimaging

    College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

  29. Cross-attention encoding models reveal dynamic spatiotemporal routing across human higher visual cortex

    Sep 28, 2026Iishaan Inabathini, Margaret M. HendersonCross-AttentionVisual Neuroscience

    Carnegie Mellon University

  30. FAST-Brain: A Flow-Aligned Spatio-Temporal Surrogate Brain Model

    Sep 28, 2026Shucheng Liu, Changchun Shi, Kai Zhang +1Neural Surrogate ModelingFunctional Connectivity

    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · London School of Economics and Political Science